The Improvement Era

IlIBJEBVIIVII

I

IMPROVEMENT

ERA

Vol. XVIII

AUGUST, 1915

No. 10

ORGAN OF THE PRIESTHOOD QUORUMS. THE YOUNQ MEN'S MUTUAL
UFROVEMENT ASSOCIATIONS AND THE SCHOOLS OF THE CHURCH OF
JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS

pnuattmB

MOMTMLT BY THE 9KHKMAJ. BQAM* AT BAIT LAKE 1TV, VMM

BEFORE THE SMOKS
CLEARS AWAY
O* ronr flre-ttrlcken ■hop. ?&aw»
offic* or «tore, you can rtsum* busi
bmi if insured with ut. No lon|
unnecessary delays in adjusting, mc
haggling orer terms; but prompt pay
ment of losses every time. It's tr ou»
Interest to get you set up in ^u^ineai
again — we can insure you t^ain.
HOME FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF UTAfc

Heber j, Grant & Co. S5S'

20-26 S. Main St., Salt Lake City. Utah

The Panama — California Exposition

SAN DlknO Open January l,
0/-\l> L/lEL\j.\J closes Dec. 31, 1915.

The Panama-Pacific International Ex-

position SAN FRANCISCO

Open February 20, closes December 4, 1915

Excursion Rates in Effedt Daily

to November 30th, 1915

Inclusive

ulfflf

Rate will be in effect via Salt Lake and Los
' Angeles going, and returning via San Fran-
cisco and Portland, or going via Portland
and San Francisco, returning via Los An-
geles and Salt Lake, or returning In either
case via San Francisco or Ogden.

Consult any O. S. L. Agent for rates, de-
scriptive literature, etc., or write,

D E. BURLEY, Gen'l Passenger Agent,

SaltLakeCity, Utah.

-

Young Ladies' and Young Men's

Mutual Improvement Association

Reading Course for 1915-16

JUNIOR

Gray — "Little Sir Galahad"

$1.35 By mail $1.45

Richmond — "Twenty-fourth of

June" $1.25 By mail $1.35

nature book will be selected

later 50c By mail 60c

Ardavan — "Lance of Kanana". . .

75c Postpaid

SENIOR.

Roberts, B. H. — "Joseph Smith as
a Prophet-Teacher" 75c Postpaid

Lambourne, Alfred — "The Play-
House" $1.00 By mail $1.10

Anderson, Nephi — "Daughter of
the North" 75c Postpaid

Larned — "Study of Greatness in
Men" $1.25 By mail $1.35

The complete set, if called for $7.60
By mail $8.10

If the entire set is ordered and the
money is sent with the order we will
send the set complete for $7.60 post-
paid.

Deseref SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION Book Store
44 East on South Temple, Salt Lake City

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And Return Direct.
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WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS, PLEASE MENTION THE IMPROVEMENT BRA

AS SUNS OF AUGUST BURN

The suns of August scorch the yellow grain,

And pale, the hills are wrapped in whiten'd haze ;
Like islands float the groves above the plain,

From skies unclouded comes the lambent blaze ;
The roads are blinding in the floods of light,

The suns are followed with the burning moons,
Each day but dies to bring as rich a night,

And at the dawning night in languor swoons.
The far earth-rim that with the haze is cross'd,

This glowing landscape that is lying near,
One seems my life within the vanish' d past,

The other as the fervid moments here :

My soul to feast unto this present turns,
And love within my heart as August burns !

ALFRED LAMBOURNE.

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, " l^frV **-&*" -£^^ij--- -r>"2fr''wv ? '•

~> ! ■ '• '

FAVORED UTAH, HOME, WE LOVE THEE,

"With thy lakes; and crystal rivers sleeping on the plain,
Or with everlasting music, plunging down the main."

Improvement Era

Vol. XVIII AUGUST, 1915 No. 10

Gratitude

BY A MISSIONARY SON

TTlie following letter from a missionary in Europe was handed to
the Improvement Era by a friend of his parents. We recommend that
the letter be read by all, and more particularly by young men and
young women. Children will do well to express their appreciation
while their parents are still alive, and not wait to laud -their virtues
after they have gone. Honor to parents is not only one of God's
first laws, but the hrst law with a promise. — Editors.]

Dear Father and Mother: I recall with great pleasure
that the 8th of next month will be your wedding anniversary, and
that then you will have trodden life's pathway together for thirty-
three years. Your lives have undoubtedly become so completely
interwoven, as the result of living together for so many years,
that they now seem as one. You have become so used to living
for each other, and both for your children, that you have rarely
had time to think of yourselves, of your personal needs and de-
sires.

During your wedded life you have fulfilled God's most im-
portant commandment by bringing eight intelligent souls to this
world. Every one of these children is blessed with a sound mind
and body, a condition which is not the result of chance. I, of
course, credit these valuable gifts to the mercy of God, but they
are only possible because of your high regard and love for each
other. My whole being is filled with profoundest love, gratitude
and respect for you who have so nobly lived.

Many parents consider that they have done their whole duty
toward their children by feeding and clothing them, and by giving
them a place of shelter until they are old enough to take care of
themselves. But this was never true of you. You have always
considered the happiness and well-being of your children above
everything else. In your wisdom you have sometimes done things

X54 l.\ll'k< IVI'M I'.NT ER \

which were beyond our understanding as children and which we
were possibrj opposed to, bul later on, if not openly, we have
silently thanked you for every step you have taken. It has always
been your aim to make home attractive, and not merely a place
where we could eat, sleep and fight. Yon have reasoned with us
and shown ns the better way with the hope in your hearts that we
might act correctly for ourselves.

Home is really the clearest place on earth to me, and yon
have made it so. Your best efforts and means have been ex-
pended to make home a place of enjoyment, culture and love.
Why is it that so many neighbors' children come to our home to
play croquette, to play the piano or organ, or to listen to the
phonograph? Simply because you have made our home a para-
dise on earth. It is not because you are rich that we have such
a home. No ; you have made home what it is at the cost of great
sacrifices, through long, hard hours and years of toil. This was
your life, your joy, your all.

But this was not enough. You considered it your duty to
see that your children were better fitted for the battles of life
than were you. That which has been good enough for you has
not been good enough for your children. You have bent all of
your energies to plant within the hearts of every one of us faith
and trust in the Lord, which to you must be the corner stone, the
foundation, of all our training, study and education. You have
made it possible for us to attend good schools, although you
have needed our help so badly at home, and although you have
seldom known where the means would come from. But you have
acted with your trust in God, knowing that the wish of your souls
would be granted. Doubtless you have often looked back and
marveled how it was all accomplished. We in our thoughtless-
ness have often held the idea that when we needed money all we
had to do was to go to father. Now I begin to see the struggle
that h'fe has been for you, but I suppose that I can never fully
realize what you have done for us, without having the same ex-
perience.

I speak of these things as if they were incidents of the past,
but I do not mean them as such. Those noble desires of your
dear hearts, those sacrifices and hours of toil are real today ; they
exist now. You are still struggling and fighting for your chil-
dren. Your chief desire still is that they may become well fitted
for life and its responsibilities ; and, above all, that they may be
God-fearing men and women. It is with pain that I often think
of the struggle I am causing you, right today. In addition to
taking care of those now at home and at school, you are under
the necessity of supplying me with money. But still you have
never murmured nor complained.

I cannot tell you of the feeling which fills me when I think

GRATITUDE 855

of what you are doing and have done. It is with fear and trem-
bling that I look upon the future, for it is so easy to mar the work
you have so gloriously begun. It is my deepest desire that we all
live lives that will bring joy and happiness to you. Far be it from
us to cause you unhappiness or sorrow. God stay us by.

May our heavenly Father lengthen your years, and may he
crown your days with joy and happiness. May your harvest be
rich and golden, and may you live to see your aims and ideals
realized.

Your Grateful Son.

Longing for Home

Unto me, through the open casement,

Floats an odor of faint perfume,
The breath of awakening blossoms,

Pervading my quiet room.

And below, down there in the garden,

Are great, bright-winged butterflies,
All sipping the wonderful nectar

That deep in each fairy heart lies.

Though the glorious benediction

Of nature is everywhere,
Yet my heart, withal, madly pulses, —

It may not the wonderment share.

For ne'er doth the cadence of voices,

To me so beloved, so well known,
Beguile with that mystical gladness

That hallows the meaning of home.

Home! home! Through this world though we wander,

Our eyes turn with longing to you.
Home! home! where our childish petitions

Were lisped in faith, fervent and true.

Home! home! where a mother is waiting
To clasp you once more to her breast,

There to lie passive and peaceful, —
Oh, haven of infinite rest!

Home! home! oh! it lines the feet upward,

For heaven, me thinks, would be lone,
Without the loved faces and voices

That gather around us at home.

Grace Ingles Frost.

Rafting Over Green River

NY IDA STEWART PEAY

One spring, a few years ago, two young engineers, brothers,
took a government contract to survey the country known as
Brown's Park, in northeastern Utah. This part of the state ac-
quired considerable fame, under the nick-name of "Robber's
Roost," and is a wild, mountainous, unsettled region which for
dangerous, difficult traveling could hardly be surpassed.

These two engineers, with a party of twenty-two men, reached
the Green River when that turbulent stream was booming with
the flood waters of late spring. To facilitate the work, one of the
engineers took ten of the men, and half of the teams and wagons,
and began to work down the stream ; while the other engineer was
to complete all the measuring on the south side of the river.

Accordingly, the younger brother, Boss Jack, as he was famil-
iarly and affectionately called by his men, surveyed east about
twenty miles of the roughest country he had ever traversed; then,
having finished his work adjacent to the banks, and being near the
ferry, crossed with his men and outfit to the other side of Green
River. Surveying back along the north side of the stream, he
finally came to a point where he decided to make permanent camp,
intending to get into communication, if possible, with his brother,
whom he expected was somewhere in this vicinity on the other
side of the river.

By this time, the elder brother, who also answered to a pet
name — -Boss Boc — had completed his assignment of labor, and
was ready to join his partner on the north of the Green, where, in
range after range of towering, precipitous mountains, lay the
greater part of their contract work.

After many trial bon-fires, and numerous hazardous trips
down the perpendicular ridges which formed the banks, the
brothers managed, at last, to locate each other. Anxious to reunite
their forces as quickly as possible, the two parties lined up at the
edge of the stream, on their respective sides, and began to try to
make plans to cross the foaming water.

The river at this point was about a quarter of a mile wide,
and a roaring torrent. However, by calling to the top of their
voices they were able to exchange a short conversation. Boss Boe,
on the south side of the stream, was the first to shout a question.

"What kind of a road to the ferry?" he veiled.

RAFTING OVER GREEN RIVER 857

After the inquiry had been fairly screamed about one dozen
times the answer came back faintly,

"No road at all — ridges, dugways and death-traps."

"How long will it take to make the trip to you?" next called
Boss Boe. Many times the question was lost in the roar of the
river but eventually it was, perhaps, partly heard, partly guessed,
for the reply, also yelled by many voices, finally reached them,

"Seven days."

The engineer on the south side of the stream made some rapid
calculations. He figured that it would take him about two days
to build a raft and float himself, party and outfit across the stream,
and surely it could not be much more dangerous than the circuitous
route around the ridge-ribbed banks to the ferry. Besides, to raft
over would save him five days of time and two hundred fifty
dollars in money — his party's expenses being fifty dollars per day.

"Why not build a raft and raft over?" he suddenly asked
his men.

"Just the thing," they responded, enthusiastically. They were
nearly all boys between the ages of seventeen and twenty-one and
seemed ready and anxious for the novel experience. In the space
of a few minutes Boss Boe had shouted again across the booming
water.

"I'll raft over," he called, and the word came back,

"We'll help all we can."

So the two parties, only half realizing what a perilous task
they were undertaking, began to prepare. The party on the south
side of the river, headed by Boss Boe, set to work, first of all, to
construct a raft. None of them were versed in ship- or boat-craft,
but thev were scouts, and determined to be willing and resource-
ful. Many large logs, which had drifted down the river and been
washed ashore, were scattered along the bank. These, of course,
had been water soaked, but, having dried out, the young engineer
thought they would serve his purpose well enough. They were,
therefore, hurriedly collected and nailed together and, also, se-
curely bound by half-inch ropes. The raft when finished was
twelve feet square, with two layers of logs, the top layer being-
laid cross-ways of those on the bottom. Eleven oars or, more
correctly speaking, paddles, were next roughly hewn from the
fallen trees, so that every man in the party could help steer the
craft.

Now the new structure was launched by its proud and excited
builders upon the big river, being quickly and safely tied to near-bv
trees by great ropes to hold it in place until it was loaded.

As the building of the big boat had taken until dark the
hazardous trip across was scheduled for the following day. When
morning came the young engineer and his men were out early
Before the sun was an hour high they had their craft loaded, everv-

858 l.\ll'K< >VKM I \l ERA

thing being soundly lashed and bound to the logs in case the water
for any uhforseen reason should sweep the deck.

When all was in readiness, the horses, about ten in number,
were driven into the water that they might be compelled to swim
across first. Before they had gone a dozen yards the ground
slipped from under their feet and they began to swim. They moved
along easily enough until they struck the current towards the mid-
dle of the stream ; this proved to be so terribly swift that the horses
were quickly in a panic. The leaders whirled and started back.
Instantly, the engineer and his men began to throw rocks and shout
at them threateningly. The frightened beasts turned about but
becoming bewildered began to mill. When horses begin to mill
it is usually considered a fatal procedure. It certainly chilled the
ardor of the young scouts to see their dumb friends swimming
desperately around and around in a hopeless circle. But, now, the
other engineer, who was waiting on the north bank with his party,
ready to do anything necessary to help in the venture, brought a
bunch of horses to the edge of the stream as a bait. The horses
on shore who were expected to lure their companions over seemed
to realize their mission, for suddenly a fine mare, mate to the
leader in the water, raised her head high and neighed plaintively.
Then as if in compliance to her call the horse in the water made a
last might}- effort, lunged into the middle of the current, was swept
quickly downward but persistently pressed forward and soon, with
the whole band close at his heels, reached the opposite shore.

This little incident gave the venturesome young men some
idea of the force of that boiling stream but, considering they had
gone too far to turn back, — especially since they were now without
horses — they stripped off their clothes, to be prepared for any
accident, strapped them to the raft, and cut the ropes.

As the log-craft swung into the dark, muddy, seething, flood-
waters of the Green River, eleven solemn-faced boys, — none of
them were much more than boys even including the engineer —
seized their oars and began to paddle for dear life.

Before the ropes were cut, it had seemed like it might not be
such a great task for eleven men to row that tiny craft the quarter
of a mile across the stream, but, now, that they were being pushed
and swayed by the occasional eddies that swerved from the great
central current, they all began to wonder ominously what the next
few minutes would bring to them. Before launching, the banks
for some distance had been reconnoitered and the spot they had
just left selected because it was fully a mile above the rapids.
This thought was now in the minds of all. for though they rowed
vigorously the little craft sagged slowly but surelv down the
stream. The young scouts redoubled their efforts, but when they
ncared the great river's middle current, thev were transfixed with

RAFTING OVER GREEN RIVER 859

awe and horror as they got a close view of that head-long", rushing,
roaring central torrent.

Suddenly they were caught in its mighty grasp ! In a flash
the small craft shot down stream as if it had been a mere chip.
Every boy paled to the lips, every paddle dipped desperately, if
vainly, into the swollen waters, every heart was moaning.

"And the rapids not a mile below us!"

In that awful, fear-enthralling moment the engineer, who had
undertaken this feat, became the pilot. With marvelous calm he
looked around at his men. He knew something was wrong,
though every man was rowing with all his power. Great beads of
sweat stood out on every brow. In an instant the pilot took in the
situation. There were four men among the crew who could not
swim. And those who could swim- — what chance would they have
against that ruthless current? It was inevitable they were panic
stricken ; every man was rowing not with but against his neighbor !
The little raft was actually spinning' around, first one corner then
another was dipping deeply into the angry, undulating water, the
cargo was rapidly becoming soaked. Loudly, sternly Boss Boe
spoke to his men calling their attention to the difficulty, and soon
they were all stroking together again, frenziedly, it is true, but
more hopefully. With their efforts united they managed to steer
the craft into the middle of the river, but still they were being
borne down, down, down to what seemed certain destruction.

The other engineer, Boss Jack, and his party, on the opposite
shore, were waiting and watching with bated breath. In Boss
Jack's party were also eleven men ; and these were scattered along
the bank for a considerable distance. Each man was stripped of
his clothes, to be prepared for any possible emergency, and each
held two or three long, heavy inch-ropes ready to throw out to the
rafters to help them land. When Boss Jack saw the raft swing
into the current, and in spite of the strenuous paddling of its eleven
steerers, start head-long down the stream towards the rapids, he
was almost beside himself. Catching a mule, lie jumped upon its
back and whipped the beast on to the run ; dashing down the bank,
until even with the racing raft, he urged the animal far out into
the water and threw a rope. The frightened rafters missed the
rope, and as the other end of it was held by the men on shore it
flipped quickly back and wrapped around the mule and rider just
as they, having gone beyond their depth, suddenly dropped out of
sight. A moan of horror escaped those on the raft, and those on
shore, as they saw the younger engineer, tangled up in the rope
with the mule, go to the bottom. There was a tense moment, then
the brave young transit-man, fighting like a trojan, rose to the
surface and, extricating himself from the rope in some miraculous
way, struck out determinedly and with all haste for the shore. In
another minute the mule was following. As soon as Boss lack

860 I M PR( )Vl M ENT ERA

touched foot to solid earth, withoul wasting a thought on his own
narrow escape, he rushed frantically on down the stream.

The other men on shore had been running energetically after
the hurrying raft constantly throwing out ropes, but thus far every
rope had been missed. When Boss Jack was even with the rafters,
he threw again and this time some fellow caught the rope. A loud
hurrah went up from twenty-two throats, but the rejoicing was of
short duration. Quicker than one could wink the lad who had
seized the rope was >anked off into the water, so swift was the
river's raging current. The hoy in the water happened to he one
of the four who could not swim; he floundered and gasped, then
began to sink.

"Hang on to the rope!" commanded the men on land, and as
the young man did so with commendable tenacity, he was quickly
pulled to shore by eager, trembling hands.

Another rope was now thrown out by those who were racing
wildly on down the bank. Again it was caught. This time as
before, the man catching it was jerked instantly into the stream,
and he, too, was hauled to safety. In this way ten men were
rescued from the madly hurrying raft, and only the engineer, Boss
Roe. remained.

By this time the old drift logs were water-soaked again, and
the ill-fated craft was slowly but surely sinking. The lone transit-
man was standing knee-deep in water. The breathless runners on
the bank now threw a rope to him which he succeeded in grasping,
hut he, too, was plunged into the boiling river. As the raft was
dangerously near the rapids, those on shore were relieved and re-
joiced to have him in the water and began to pull him in as they
had the others, but to their amazement and to the dismay of the
younger brother, he let loose of the rope and swam back to the
raft. To the shouts of the men and especially to the pleadings of
his partner, Boss Boe called,

"Fifteen hundred dollars worth of property on this raft.
Throw me another rope !"

"Can't you see the rapids are only a hundred yards below
you ?" cried Boss Jack, running into the edge of the water to throw
a rope.

Boss Boe looked down the stream and nodded grimly as he
deliberately stooped and braced himself between some piles on the
raft, so the next rope he caught would not pull him off. He lifted
his head in time to grab the rope his brother had just thrown.
There was a breathless silence as the engineer was jerked roughly
forward ; hut suddenly a wild shout of "bravo" rent the air, as he
raised himself up, every muscle tense with the strain, as by the
force of a desperate purpose he hung on to the rope and stuck
to the raft.

As he quickly tied the rope to his sinking craft a dozen men

RAFTING OVER GREEN RIVER 861

hurried to wrap the other end of it around a giant tree on the land.
But alas, just as soon as the rope was taut, though it was half as
big around as a man's wrist, it snapped in two like a twine string —
and the runaway raft went madly on.

For a brief second horror stupefied the men on shore. Boss
Boe's younger brother was fairly paralyzed ; but, rallying his
stunned senses, he seized another rope and ran into the water im-
ploring wildly as he threw it,

"Get off that raft, this instant ! You're in the edge of the
rapids. No man can swim them. We'd tear you to pieces on the
rocks if we tried to pull you out. Let the stuff go ! Jump !" he
shouted. "For the love of heaven, save your life!"

"Jump! Save your life!" yelled all the men on shore, as they
stumbled and pitched onward to keep up with the raft.

Suddenly every man stopped running. Boss Jack halted one
tick of the clock, in the edge of the water, then straightened him-
self out and began to swim towards the current and his brother.
The raft had struck the first rock in the rapids !
Just as it did so, the man who wouldn't "give up the ship"
caught the last rope thrown him. With the command to jump
ringing in his ears and the craft jarring against the rock, he braced
himself as before, and with a superhuman effort held his place on
the raft while he hung on to the rope and fastened it. Then rais-
ing a determined face he shouted :
"Keep the ropes coming!"

The water-soaked, sinking raft was now displacing about
three hundred forty feet of water and was traveling at the rate of
ten feet per second. It struck the rock — which was far below the
surface of the stream — with such force that it slid upon it, where,
for some unaccountable reason, it caught and hung a moment or
two, dipping deeply first one way then the other with the lashing
of the thwarted current. During this brief interval, the plucky
pilot caught and tied eleven ropes which were hastily secured to
big pines by the men on the shore.

By this time, helped over the center current by the ropes, the
younger engineer had reached the raft and, clamoring on to it,
raised up beside the gritty sailor. The eyes of twenty men on
shore suddenly moistened as they saw him gratefully grasp the
hand of his beloved partner brother.

To be sure they were not out of danger, for any moment the
treacherous current might sweep the raft from the rock and snap
the ropes, but they felt a momentary safety. Falling swiftly to
work the brothers unloosed from the improvised boat the most
valuable of their possessions and started by means of the ropes for
the north bank. The men of the party, divining their purpose,
struck out, also by the ropes, to help. In a shorter space of time
than one could credit, the raft was unloaded.

802 IM PR< >VEMENT ERA

Just as the last man was safe on shore, the current hurled the
soaked logs from the security of the rock, and every one turned
toward the river intent upon seeing what straining powers the
ropes would exert. Kor a few seconds they held, then as a mighty
central current sucked and tugged venomously, they snapped one
by one like so many threads, and the abandoned craft went reeling
and thudding cumbrously down through the tearing, foaming,
writhing rapids.

A sigh of relief escaped the pale lips of these young scouts
who were much wiser now than they were a few hours before. Of
course, the blisters, from heels to chin, on every mother's son of
them, whose naked bodies had been exposed to the water and sun
for eight unmerciful hours, have nothing to do with the rafting
over Green River, even if they did keep the incident fresh in the
minds of those boys for many days to come.

PROVO, UTAH

When Ends the Reign of Thor?

When ends the reign of Thor,

Deity of demon war?
Not till the cup of Meribah be drained,
E'en to the dregs of its last bitter drop,

Will aught e'er stay
The crimson flood whose hellish maelstrom-whirl
Would fain sweep from the earth, the race away.

When ends the reign of Thor,

Deity of demon war?
When in the mind of man no longer lives
The greed for gain, a lust for mundane pow'r,

(The genius of strife)
Xo more will belch the curse of cannon forth,
Nor clash of sabers crossed be longer rife.

Then ends the reign of Thor,

Deity of demon war!
For aye, will be their swords to plowshares turned,
And Peace, upon the dais of the world,

Weld close and strong
The bands of universal brotherhood,
And Right prevail where long hath triumphed Wrong.

So will end the reign of Thor,
Deity of demon war,
Whom, as in days of yore,
Nations bend knee before.

Grace Ingles Frost

The Lord's Prayer

BY BERTHA ECCLES WRIGHT, OF THE WEBER STAKE, UTAH

The belief in the universal Fatherhood of God has been
called the world-wide creed. If this be so, prayer is the world-
wide form of worship. For there never has been found a race or
tribe that did not believe in some god, or did not, in some way,
pray. The heathens pray, bowing to gods of wood and stone.
The children of the desert worshiped the sun and the stars, and
unto them offered prayers. The
children of the faithful have ever
been marked by their belief and
power in prayer. This was true
from the time when Abel stood
by the first offering and, con-
fessing his sins, besought divine
mercy ; from the long years of
Enoch's and Noah's lives, made
blessed by their prayerful habit ;
from the ancient days of the Pa-
triarch Abraham who builded an
altar unto Jehovah, in each new
home ; and from the deep, heart-
felt prayers of Moses for the
children of Israel.

The great periods of the peo-
ple of God have ever been times
of prayerful devotion, and eras
of prayerful men. Then why
should we not have a model
prayer? A pattern, so to speak?
And who best fitted to give that
prayer but Christ, our example in all things good and grand ? So,
many years ago, in his Sermon on the Mount, Jesus taught his
disciples this prayer :

"Our Father, which art in heaven. Hallowed be thy name. Thy
kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us
this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our
debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For
thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever, Amen."

MRS. BERTHA ECCLES WRIGHT

*This oration took first place in the grand finals of the Senior
speaking contest, M. I. A. conference, June, 1915.

864 I M PR< >VE M I- NT ERA

Where could we find a prayer more beautiful, yet so plain
and simple, and so complete? A prayer of so few words, yet
covering all the needs of men? One that made its influence
felt long ago on Judea's hills, and passed right on down through
the years and centuries of trials and tribulations, of joys and of
happiness ?

Take the words, "Our Father." Not, "your father," nor
"my father," but "Our Father." Unselfishness expressed in the
very beginning. Then, Father: something so tangible, so close
to our every-day life. A word that brings us more in kinship
with God Almighty, and makes us feel we are his children. He
is our Father.

"Which art in heaven" distinguishes between our earthly
father and the Father of our spirits.

"Hallowed be thy name." A phrase that reveres, honors
and glorifies God. We all think, or should think, much of the
name given us by our mortal fathers, and we try to honor it,
and live to be a credit to it. And yet how few of us realize the
importance of glorifying the name of our God. the Giver of all,
and living a life of credit to him. How many take the name of
our Ford in vain, using it lightly and often times in such a way
that it would cause us to burn with anger, were it so used of our
earthly father.

"Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, in earth as it is in
heaven." Will it not be glorious to have our earth as heaven ?
Or as we believe it to be, his kingdom here, and all done as he
wills it? No vice, no hatred, nor contention; but peace, joy and
happiness, and that divine love for all humanity that Christ alone
displayed.

"Give us this day our daily bread." Here we have other
beautiful truths. One, that we may go to the Father for more
than spiritual blessings. Go to him for all that is necessary for
our temporal welfare. And here, again, it is not for me alone
or for you, but for all. Neither is it for one to have his wants
supplied through the sufferings of others.

Next we have, "Forgive us our debts, as we forgive our
debtors." Here we ask for pardon ; for forgiveness for our trans-
gressions and imperfections. But only in the degree that we for-
give. Do we ever stop to consider how little we forgive? And
that our forgiveness from the Father need be no more, for
Christ said, "If ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will
your Father forgive your trespasses. If ye forgive men their
trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you."

Then, "Lead [or leave] ns not into temptation, but deliver
us from evil." Man has ever had temptations; even Christ, the
Son of God, had his. And so in his sfreat understanding,', he

THE LORD'S PRAYER 865

asked that we might be given the wisdom and courage to face it
and overcome it.

Last, the beautiful words of praise, adoration and acknowl-
edgment : "For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory,
forever. Amen."

Is this not a prayer to be remembered ? Do you wonder
that it has lived these many, many years, and that its wondrous
influence has been the guide and strength to so many lives? Lives
such as Luther, the poor miner's boy who sang in Germany's
olden streets for money with which to buy his books, which later
brought the countless blessings of the Reformation. He drew
from this prayer his life's best strength. John Knox, reared
amidst Scotland's heather, so learned the blessings of this prayer,
that even his sentence to the galley ships could not cause him to.
give it up. Scotland's lads and lassies learned its power and
sweetness from his lips, and so Scotland became free. Gustavus
Adolphus made it a companion of his daily thoughts upon the
battle-field, as he waged the war for Norway's and Sweden's
freedom. And our own Washington and Lincoln drew comfort
from it, in America's darkest hours.

Many are they that received power from this prayer, this
our Savior's prayer. Good then, good now, good forever, for

"Prayer is the Christian's vital breath,
The Christian's native air;
His watchword at the gates of death;
He enters heaven with prayer."

Ode to Earth.

O sun-kissed vales and lofty hills !
Among thy rocks and whisp'ring rills

I love to bide and ramble.
Thy hidden wealth, thy treasured trove,
May tempt the covetous there to rove

And filthy lucre gamble.
Suffice for me to sense thy worth
In greater gifts, O Mother Earth.
The teeming life of wood and fen, —
The home of cricket, fox and wren —
The sylvan glade, the purling brook,
Speak wondrous words from Nature's book.
Such marvels doth my eyes behold —
Beshrew the thought of craving gold !
Give praise to Providence above
For scented field and leafy grove.

E. H. Lund

Will the Golden Age of Peace Ever Come?

BY JOHN F. MILLER, OF POCATELLO STAKE, IDAHO

In the days when man fought against .man, city against city
and ruler against ruler ; when the air was continually shaken by
the clamor of war and the rumors of war, then it was that the
war-wearied ones best loved to sit at the feet of the poets and
hear of that time when there should be peace over all the world ;
when men should tend their flocks and reap their harvests, un-
afraid, and youth watch the silver moon rise over the sweet smell-
ing orchards ; when the ear
would not be afrighted by the
screaming fife and groaning
drum ; when the song of the
nightingale would make pleas-
ant the night, and the hum of
the busy bee make restful the
golden noon.

Peace always speaks of
gladness, rest, abundance and
safety. War always bespeaks
hardship, waste, sorrow and
death. But the fabled Golden
Age of Peace has only been a
poet's dream.

Will the dream come true ?
Man lives by his dreams.
His thoughts are all that en-
dure. When the work which
he erects today in wood and
stone has fallen to decay, the
dreams of Columbus, Fulton.
Stephenson and Edison will
still be bright and glorious. Through all the infinite ages past,
man has kept himself alive, not by his strength, but by the dawn
of what we call mind. In eating, drinking and fighting, man is
common brother to the brutes. In physical strength they surpass
him. By thought alone he has come thus far, and by thought
alone he will continue to progress still farther.

Alan has but one predominant passion, the will to live. From

lOIIN F. MILLER

*This oration took first place in the grand finals of Advanced
Senior nublic speaking contest, M. T. A. ronferen.ce, June, 1915.

WILL THE GULDEN AGE OF PEACE EVER COME? 86

this is born his two vital ideals — freedom and peace. He crave
freedom that he may live his life in his own way, and develop hi
individuality after his own desire. Freedom is part of the instinc
to live. He craves peace that he might enjoy life, and drear
those dreams which sooner or later he makes come true. Peac
is also part of the instinct to live. In the past centuries he ha
never failed in the accomplishment of the ideals which were vit;
and necessary to him ; which were part of his instinct to live ; an
peace is surely the basic instinct of life. Therefore, I believe the
universal peace will come, as surely as the heart continues il
action in the breast of man.

Peace is the pervading hope of the human soul. It is in ever
philosophy, in all poetry and religion. The heaven of the Amei
ican savage, of the fierce Viking, of the poetic Greek, of the imag
inative Mohammedan — every heaven born out of the longings c
man's heart is an abode of peace. He that thinks man has nc
struggled very far on the road to his ideal knows very little c
human history. Whether one turn to Asia, Africa, Europe, c
even to our own beloved America, he can find within the period c
history that time when every stranger was an enemy, when ever
country was held by numerous feudal chiefs engaged in constat
warfare, when every city was a walled fortification, and ever
province was hostile to its neighbor.

Picture that day, and this ! Then property was insecure an
trade stagnant. Cities were swept out of existence, the inhal
itants massacred or sold as slaves, and their goods confiscate*
You will see without argument that not only has there been
steady, tremendous insistence on peace, but that the greater a(
vancement of mankind has been due to the greater peace of tl
world.

Why cannot the nations of the earth advance to still great*
peace ?

If the trial by combat between private individuals has falk
into disuse because of its folly, why cannot the trial by combat b
tween nations be abandoned, because of its greater folly? The:
is no dispute settled by war but what could better be settled 1:
peaceful means. The old theory of right triumphing by trial
erroneous. Might is not always right.

The law forbids the strong to trample on the weak, with
the nation. What a precious blessing law is! But why, in tl
name of justice and reason, should the law not forbid the stror
from wronging the weak, outside of the nation! If there we
world-wide law as there is now national law, if each natic
elected representatives, according to its population, to an inte
national legislature, as our states elect representatives to the n
tional legislature, and if these representatives had authority
regulate "the affairs of the various nations, according to law ai

868 I MI'Kf tVKMKXT KRA

Order, the clash of resounding anus, and the sighs of untold thou-
sands, would not be coming to our ears from across the mighty
deep, at this hour.

I he trouble with our present system is this: A nation, like
an individual, becomes agitated over a proposition. Under pres-
ent conditions, it is a law unto itself. There is no general law
In canst- it to stop for a moment and coolly consider matters. Pas-
sion takes the place of thought, and revenge crowds out reason.
So in a moment of hot anger some act is committed which finally
ends in destruction, suffering, and the death of the flower and
youth of the nation, lost on the battle-field.

Only a short year ago there was almost world-wide peace.
Prosperity, progress, and plenty were everywhere felt. The sages
and philosophers were contemplating means whereby man could
better his condition. Treaties were being arranged, through which
peace could be assured. Inventions were never before so fre-
quent. The shuttle of industry was singing its song of joy and
gladness to a happy world. Mankind was fast becoming Godlike
in his love of peace.

In far-off Austria a disordered brain conceived a murderous
plan which the hand put into action. A trigger presses, a steel
missile speeds on its way, carrying the death billet to an unsus-
pecting soul. Because of no general law, the killing of an Austrian
Prince by a Servian subject, precipitates the death of hundreds
and thousands of the very best men in the various nations of
Europe. In a few short hours, happy, peace-loving, God-like
mankind is transformed into a writhing, struggling, beast-like
horde. The plow is forgotten, and the reaper left idle. The
artist no longer pursues his course, nor the tradesman his way.
The croon of the shuttle is lost in the groan of the wounded and
dying, and the buzz of industry is drowned in the wail of the
widow and orphan.

Oh ! is man so deprived of reason that he must revert to
brute force in order to settle his differences? Has he forgotten
that mind is superior to muscle? Has he fallen completely from
his ideal?

No!

True, the clouds of war hang dark and low, and its thunder
rumbles loud; but remember that the darkest hour is always just
before the dawn, and after this hideous night of despair will come
the bright and beautiful dawn of peace.

In conclusion let me briefly repeat the reasons why I believe
it will come:

First, man's predominant passion is to live, and peace is es-
sential unto life.

Secondly, peace is the pervading hope of the human soul.

Thirdly, man has advanced from a time when every stranerer

WILL THE GOLDEN AGE OF PEACE EVER COME? 869

was an enemy, to the present, when there is national peace and
safety.

Fourthly, there is no reason why general laws should not be
made, thereby insuring world-wide peace.

And, lastly, the present great war shows most clearly trrt
universal law and order is requisite to the best good of man.

The peace of the nations means the uplift of the masses; it
means that burdens and shackles will fall from those who are
weary and oppressed ; it means that the human hives, undisturbed,
will hum with industry, investigation ; and a wholly new inspira-
tion will be given to the life of man. New dreams will arise
within him. There will be other and greater poets, other and
greater heroes, and a higher uplift toward the true Godhood in
man. Nation will join hand with nation, until the world will be
encircled by the nations, each finding what is best in each, until
there will be such an acceleration of human progress that no
imagination can picture the glorious outcome.

With the countless ages yet before him ; with his race fairly
begun ;with the leaden fetters of war and destruction shaken from
his feet ; with all the world mingling in amity and striving in
peaceful rivalry ; with all the powers of nature subdued to his
bidding; and palaces, like visions of heaven, and fields, like fairy-
land, arising under his touch, man will be indeed a God, and life
to all men beautiful.

M. I. A. SCOUTS HIKING OX MAPLE FLAT, NEAR PROVO, UTAH

Pioneers and Pioneering in Southeastern

Utah

BY JOSEPH I'. ANDERSON, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND SOCIAL
SCIENCE, MILLARD COUNTY HIGH SCHOOL

In Two Parts — Part Two.

In the whole West there is probably not a population stand-
ing unique, in so many respects, as does that of the San Juan
country. It is the largest county in the State, but the most
sparsely settled. It is the most isolated community in the state —
Bluff being one hundred forty-seven miles from the railroad sta-
tion at Thompson's Spring's. But notwithstanding her isolation,
she boasts being the wealthiest county per capita, in Utah, or, for
that matter, in the whole West. Never have the civil authorities
of San Juan county made any provision for paupers, for none
have ever been present. No people are more ready to give help
where help is needed, but the official hand of charity has never
had to be extended to the strictly indigent. The saloon, which
almost always has followed close in the wake of the first settler,
has never been seen in San Juan. But the absence of the saloon
seems not to have hindered in the least the splendid prosperity,
the sober industry, the building of high ideals, and the growth of
virile manhood and virtuous womanhood manifestly present in
that far-off corner of Utah. Even such a thing as a licensed
pharmacist, doing business in that county, is a thing unheard of.
Nor has the matter of health ever been such a problem as to in-
duce a physician to hang out his shingle in any of her towns. Not
even a lawyer has ever settled in that territory to help the people
settle their differences. San Juan has never boasted a newspaper
with which to tell the rest of the world of her struggles and her
triumphs. There is no such organ to voice her greatness and tell
of her vast timber lands, her hundreds of thousands of acres of
dry-farm lands, her stock ranges, her carnotite deposits, and her
oil fields. Yet we find in those remote towns, modern homes, with
bath rooms and water works, well kept yards and gardens, up-to-
date public buildings, and a refinement and educational atmos-
phere that would do credit to those closer to the so-called civilized
centers. One of the first houses built at Bluff was a combined
meetinghouse and schoolhouse. The records at the Brigham
Young University show that I 'duff sends a greater percentage of
its population to that institution than does any other community.

These things and others to be mentioned attest the calibre

UNRECLAIMED DRY-FARM LANDS IN SAN JUAN COUNTY

These are covered with a thrifty growth of native vegetation. The scene in the
Foreground illustrates the method of travel used by the pioneers in breaking the old

"Mormon" trail.

and ideals of the men who, in the face of untold difficulties, laid
the foundation of that growing empire. Such names as Lyman,
Redd, Jones, Nielson, Hammond, Perkins and Smith will forever,
in San Juan parlance, stand for backbone as well as wishbone.

Two of the stubborn problems with which these sturdy set-
tlers had to do from the beginning were the greatly superior num-
bers of wild, nomadic Indians with which they were perpetually
surrounded, and the constant tide of transients and outlaws. Bluff
lay in the path of the latter, in the old thoroughfare leading all the
way from Canada on the north to Mexico on the south.

The people of San Juan have many a thrilling storv to tell
of encounters with desperate whites and renegade Indians. Many
a time have the men from the little towns of Bluff, Grayson, now
called Blanding, and Monticello been called in pursuit of fugitive
outlaws into the roughest parts of one of the roughest countries in
the world. The whole West owes a debt of gratitude to the sterling-
border scouts who have rendered inestimable service in the inter-
est of law and safety.

Mention will be made of one of the numerous services thus
rendered, as an illustration of the dangers encountered. A
band of notorious outlaws was being pursued from Bluff bv Lem.
H. Redd, Hyrum Perkins, Jos. A. Lyman, Bishop Nielson and
Platte D. Lyman. The outlaws had led these men on a hazardous
chase of several days through the bad lands along the San Juan
river. The pursuit was interspersed with gunfights, until finally
a bullet shattered the bone of Lyman's leg. In spite of the excru-
ciating pain and the danger of his condition, so many miles from
home or any civilized habitation, he urged that the pursuit be con-
tinued to a successful issue. Outlaws passing in that direction
soon came to learn that the men of the San Juan were among the
most formidable with whom they had to measure arms. After
the settlement of the "San Juan Mission" but few of the des-

c\72

M PROVEMENT ERA

peradoes who went that way ever passed them by. The colonists
filled most valiantly the mission for which Brigham Young sent
them there, namely, to keep the southern savage tribes in check,

and to intercept outlaw bands
fleeing from the scenes of
their depredations in the set-
tlements to the north. With
his usual keen insight into
human nature, Brigham
Young selected just the men
who have proved themselves
equal to the situation.

Perhaps the greatest
problem of all has been that
of maintaining peace with the
Indians of the south, and pre-
venting them from moving
against the unprotected set-
tlements to the north. That
peerless colonizer, Brigham
Young, gave this characteris-
tic, safe and sane advice in
dealing with the Indian prob-
lem. He advocated that it is
better to feed and clothe the
Indians than to fight them.
He promised the prospective
settlers that if the details of
his advice were followed,
their lives would not be jeop-
ardized by the Indians. In
fulfilment of this promise, the
people of Bluff point to the
fact that only one of their
number (Amasa M. Barton)
has been killed by the Indians since the settlement of Bluff, while
nearly forty other whites have lost their lives in the neighborhood
of Bluff at the hands of the Indians.

Often it became necessary for the settlers to deal somewhat
harshly with some of the most troublesome of the Indians. In
early days, Mancos Jim caused a great deal of trouble for the set-
tlers, but he promised, a few years ago, to be a "good Indian,"
and he has kept his promise. These Indians may usually be de-
pended upon to keep promises made in good faith.

Sub Chief Posey has always been a notorious character. He
is well aware of this, and will even speak of himself as a "bad
Indian." Those who know him were not surprised to hear of his

Photo by Frazier, Utah Arch. Exfcd.
GIANT CONIFERS ON THE ELK
MOUNTAINS, SAN JUAN COUNTY
Vast areas of excellent timber easily ac-
cessible are awaiting the coming of the rail-
road to transfer the lumber.

PIONEERS AND PIONEERING IN SOUTHERN UTAH 873

participation in last winter's trouble, in connection with the
of Tse-Ne-Gat. The writer once had an impromptu arg
with Posey, on the question of
the harmlessness of the cam-
era, to the person whose pic-
ture is taken. He insisted that
the camera is "bad medicine,"
and declared in a rage born of
righteous indignation that he
would smash the writer and
his camera too, if an attempt
were made to photograph
him, or any of the forty
braves with him. He is a
man of energy and iron nerve.
The story is told of how he
and his brother, Scotty, were
held in custody by the settlers

arrest
ument

AUTOMOBILING IN SOUTHEASTERN
UTAH
The auto has invaded that rough country,
but it depends upon the horse to help it
over some of the difficult places.

on the charge of raiding the
cattle ranges. By a clever
ruse, Posey broke away from
his captors and made a dash
for the San Juan river. Be-
fore reaching the river, how-
ever, he received a bullet
wound in his leg, but he was
on his feet again in an instant.
Plunging into the San Juan
river, he swam to the opposite
shore where he was received
by members of his tribe.

Old Poke has not been
regarded as an especially bad
character until his spectacular
defiance of the posse which
attempted to arrest his son,
Tse-ne-Gat, last winter.

That which gives splen-
did promise of being the most
potent factor in bringing San
Juan into the front ranks in
wealth, production and popu-
lation is dry-farming. Only
within recent years has it
been discovered that San Juan and Grand counties comprise one
of the best dry-farming sections in the arid West. Reports of
recent yields on such farms are little short of amazing. The
Nielson Brothers raised 4,700 bushels of good wheat from one

Photo by Brooks, Utah Arch. Exped.
LEMUEL H. REDD. PRESIDENT OF
SAN JUAN STAKE
President Redd for many years has been
a prominent figure in San Juan affairs.

Photo by Rynearson, Utah Arch. Exped.

GRAIN BINS OF THE CLIFF DWELLERS, SAN JUAN COUNTY

These storage bins were built near the cliff homes and were used by the ancient
inhabitants of San Juan county for storing grain and other food supplies raised by
them. The doors were sealed with flat stones. The man in the center is J. M. Redd of
Monticello, a pioneer of San Juan and guide to the Utah Archaeological Expedition.

hundred acres of new land last year, without irrigation. A yield
of upwards of fifty bushels to the acre on old land is not uncom-
mon. Alfalfa and other crops are thriving on the dry-farm lands.
The writer saw heavy stands of alfalfa hay in the Grayson and
Monticello districts that had been started and perpetuated with-
out irrigation. Alfalfa seed is
a more certain crop on the
dry-farms than on the irri-
gated farms, and promises to
be the source of abundant rev-
enue.

It is estimated that there
are around the town of Mon-
ticello alone over a million
acres of excellent dry-farm
lands, with an annual precipi-
tation of from seventeen to
twenty-two inches. The aver-
age yield of wheat in this sec-
tion last vear was thirty-five
bushels to the acre. With improved methods these yields are being-
increased. The people are buying and reading Dr. John A.
Widtsoe's book, Dry-Farming, and the influence of this great
book on the economic evolution of the arid west is thus spreading
into a country which, a few years ago, was considered good for
nothing but a cattle range.

The town of Grayson came into existence only eight years

Photo by the Author.
COURTHOUSE ROCK, NEAR MOAB
This was so called because it became the
place where cowboys tried and hanged cat-
tle "hustlers." The civil courts have now
made such a tribunal obsolete.

PIONEERS AND PIONEERING IN SOUTHERN UTAH X/S

ago, but the inducements to dry-farmers are such that the popu-
lation has now almost reached
the one thousand mark. The
real value of the vast San Juan
country is becoming more and
more apparent. The La Sal
ranch, which sold a few years
ago for seventy-five thousand
dollars, changed hands recent-
ly for a quarter of a million
dollars.

Evidently, then, the pio-
neers of the "San Juan Mis-
sion" pioneered a country
which is better than they
knew. The problem of trans-
portation will no doubt be
solved by the coming of rail-
roads eager to tap the vast la-
tent resources of that wonder-
land. The extensive timber-
lands alone are sufficient to
turn the eyes of railroad men
seriously in that direction.

The commandment to
subdue the earth has been
vigorously obeyed by the pio-
neers and settlers of San Juan.
They have been uncompro-
mising in their conquest of the
desert. They have been equal-
ly uncompromising in their
devotion to their religion— in
high ideals, clean living, and
standards of conduct. The sentiment against the use of tobacco
and whisky is so strong and well known that commercial trav-
elers making those towns say they "ditch" their cigars before
entering the San Juan country. The perpetuation of this repu-
tation for morality and sturdy character will be one of the best
monuments that the coming generation can build to the mem-
ory of the illustrious pioneers of the "San Juan Mission."

Photo by Stockman, Utah Arch. Ex[>cd.
DIFFICULT TRAVEL

Members of the expedition making their
way over some of San Juan's rough terri-
tory in the neighborhood of the great na-
tural bridges. Top to bottom: G. A. Ry
nearson, Jos. F. Anderson, and Attorney J.
H. Stockman.

FILLMORE, UTAH

Wild Oats*

The "Improvement Era" Prize Story, May Contest.

BY MRS. L. H. ROYLANCE

"Hey, George — "

The young carpenter straightened up from the pile of- lumber
where he had been selecting a plank, and looked about.

The "walker," standing on the grade above him, watching
the men building forms for the culverts, stepped closer to the
edge :

"Doc Dayton is going to town, today ; you'd better go along ;
we're not rushed just now. But return by Monday; the three
small culverts will be ready then."

"All right," answered George, gratefully. "How soon will
he be here?"

"He just left Camp Two. It's about an hour's drive; that'll
give you plenty of time ; and, say" — as he tossed him a dollar —
"just bring me back a few magazines."

"You might mail these, too," said old Joe, the blacksmith,
standing in his little bowery shop, as he fished out three grimy
letters from his overalls pockets. "You'll probably beat the stage
in, by a couple of days," he added.

"Going to town, George?" said the timekeeper, who had
just stepped up. "Come over to the commissary ; there are some
checks to send in, and I want some ledgers and files, — and say,
will you speak to Hix, at the warehouse, about that last shipment
of flour?"

The cook came in with a five dollar bill. "Bring up some
good 'eats'," he said — "oranges, candy, you know !"

George stood by the powder house waiting, when Doctor
Dayton drove up.

"Don't forget the files," called the timekeeper.

"Take care of yourself, George," said the "walker."

"He's just a green kid. I hate to see him go to town and
make a fool of himself, but nothing a man could say would make
any difference," he thought, as he climbed back up on the grade.

"Your first trip out, since you came on the job, last June,
isn't it?" questioned the doctor, as they drove round Demi-John
Rock, which stands at the turn in the road where the camp is
lost to view.

""This story won the $25 prize for May, in the Improvement Era
six months' contest, ending June, 1915.

WILD OATS 877

"Yes," answered George ; "I'm going in for a 'time.' I mean
to have it, too," with the boastfulness of youth.

The doctor did not answer. He seemed absorbed in the land-
scape, such as he conld see of it, which was not much, for the
road was at this point little more than a trail through the giant
fir forests of Oregon. The dense growth of underbrush and
vines covered the very trunks of the trees, and the noisy rush of
a squirrel, or the hurried flight of a bird, as they came to a sud-
den turn in the road, bespoke the primitiveness of the place.

"A 'time' !" The doctor spoke slowly. "You mean hotels,
restaurants — "

"Clean clothes, and a bath, a fat cigar, and drinks," sup-
plied George, a bit swaggeringly. He had never smoked a cigar,
nor did he know the taste of one liquor from another. However,
several months in a railroad camp, hearing the vain-gloriou;
boasts of the men, had made him curious. He, too, wanted to
have yarns to spin, yarns of fascinating, big drunks, questionable
dances.

"Women?" interrogated the doctor.

George's face crimsoned. The doctor apparently was look-
ing straight ahead — he probably considered the question only a
natural one, a man to man question.

George felt suddenly important; he wasn't a kid any more,
back in a country town, in his native state. He was a man, in a
man's world, the proud possessor of two hundred dollars, hard-
earned money. Back home there was a girl — but a fellow is only
young once.

"Probably — it's part of the game," he answered, coolly.
They rode on again, in silence, the ribbon of road through
the trees, unbroken except for an occasional cleared patch, where
some sturdy homesteader had grubbed out stumps in pioneer days.
His descendants, less ambitious, derived from it now a meager
existence ; in fact, there were cases where the farms were smaller
now than they had been twenty years ago. The forests were
growing in on them again. The road was rough, corduroyed in
many stretches, and the light rig rattled noisily.

At Camp Seven they stopped for dinner, fed and watered the
horses, and were off again. The doctor was quiet, but George
knew he was considered eccentric, so he did not intrude. At two
they reached Home's camp.

"There," said the doctor, as they entered on a smooth stretch
of road, "I've been waiting for this five miles — how old do you
think I am?" abruptly.

George looked up, he had always considered the doctor an
old man; his hair was snow white, and his face heavily lined, al-
though he had a perfect physique, and a clear, pleasant voice.
"About sixty-five," he said, appraisingly.

878 IMPROVEMENT ERA

"I'll be fifty in May." The doctor spoke musingly, then
turned abruptly.

"Want to hear a story?"

"Why, yes," replied George, a trifle embarrassed. "The doc-
tor certainly is a queer old duck," he added mentally.

Doctor Dayton drew out his watch. "We've plenty of time,"
he said, as he let the horses slow up:

"Thirty years ago, I was like you, young, strong, clean men-
tally, morally, physically. I was an only child, and had every
advantage and disadvantage of the sons of the well-to-do.

At twenty-one I left college, good-looking, idle, plenty of
money. The wrong crowd got me. In a few months, I was go-
ing the pace. Riotous living, tobacco, wines, women. I salved
my conscience with the old excuse, the one that has served men
and will serve them to the end of time, 'Youth must have its fling.'
'Every man has to sow his wild oats.' As for the women, I de-
luded myself, as men will, with the thought, 'Such places exist;
there'll always be such women. Whether I go or stay away, is a
matter of small moment.' To ray father's entreaties, I turned a
deaf ear. At worst I was injuring no one but myself, I argued.
Father shook his head, but said no more. In those days, George,
men did not talk to their sons, nor women to their daughters.
They believed that ignorance was innocence. It is not so now — ■
people are beginning to spread the sunlight of understanding. It
is lighting up the secret places. The danger-signal is kept clear
and bright. Boys and girls no longer need to step unwittingly
into the pit of sin.

"At the end of a couple of years, I drew a sudden halt. The
truth was brought home to me. I had broken nature's immutable
laws. She demanded a physical penalty. For a while, I strug-
gled along alone ; then, as a last extremity, appealed to my father.
He put me in charge of a specialist. At the end of a year, I was
considered cured. Don't deceive yourself, boy." The old doctor
spoke kindly. "When you break the greatest law of nature, she
demands a lifetime penalty — aye, more than that, for the sins of
the fathers are visited upon the children."

"Your mother?" asked George.

"I don't think she ever knew. She grieved because I smoked
and drank. The rest, I think, was kept from her. Father died,
shortly afterward ; a year later, mother followed him. Then I
drifted west, working with some civil engineers.

We set up camp among your people, down near the Col-
orado line. It was there that I met Mary, the dearest, sweetest
girl in all the world. That was a happy summer. The calm,
quiet life among the rural people, the pleasant courtship, I en-
joyed. There were times when we strolled down the shady lane
to her home ; and she confided, in her sweet, trusting way, some

WILD OATS 879

little incident of her girlhood, so that I felt tempted to tell her
all, but the fear of losing her was too great, and I could not bring
myself to shatter her faith in me. Sin has a way of becoming
heinous, in the presence of innocence. I won, favor with her peo-
ple. I wasn't of her religion, and I think they'd much rather she
had not married me ; but she returned my love, and they didn't in-
terfere, so in the fall she became my bride."

Visions of the girl, back home, flashed into George's mind ;
he, too, had made plans — sweet plans that had somehow lost their
glamor, in this alien atmosphere.

"We bought a little farm," continued the doctor, "a couple of
miles from the village, where we could see the broad sweep of the
country, and the little lake that nestled at the foot of the opposite
mountains." In the old doctor's eyes was a reminiscent light. He
was seeing it all again — the little cabin, the girl bride, the farm,
all the beautiful surrounding country. "The little village lay at
the left, hidden by the grassy knolls. It was almost as if we two
were alone in the world, just she and I," he went on, his voice
low and tender. "The next two years stand out, George, as the
happiest I have ever known. I had not dreamed that life could
be so perfect, and then, when the promise of a child came to share
our joy, my cup was running over. Sometimes the past, those
few brief, wild years, came vividly to me. I wanted to tell her,
but something, her very innnocence perhaps, kept me silent. I've
wished, since that, I had told her. She'd have forgiven me. She
did forgive, unasked, when she had far more to forgive. How
we made our plans ! Oh, I'll never forget the glad light in her
eyes, as she did each day the homely tasks necessary for the com-
ing of the little stranger. It happened in June. I had waited in
agony all during the hours of her suffering,agony the more poign-
ant, because I was helpless to ease one pang. She seemed so lit-
tle, so frail ; in those hours I could gladly have foregone all the
joys of parenthood, to hav^ saved her this. When I intimated as
much, she hushed me quickly: 'No, no, Horace.' And in her eyes
was that soft light that God puts into the eyes of women when
he crowns them with motherhood. I had watched the nurse, and
the doctor sitting by, apparently heedless, then when I felt I
could bear no more, had gone out into the yard to wait. An hour
dragged by, then another, and another. The waiting seemed
endless. The sound of a sudden sharp scream set me trembling ;
another interminable half hour, then the old doctor stepped out of
the cabin and came over to the log where I sat :

" 'Horace,' he said, 'it's a boy.'

"A sudden joy thrilled me. I was a father, the father of a man
child. In there, in that cabin, was a boy, mine — hers and mine.
I stood up, seized my hat, and waved it in a glad hurrah ; then I
went into the cabin. Mary smiled — a weary smile, but oh, so

880 I M PR( IVEM ENT ERA

glad. My heart sang a-- I kissed her. Truly it was a wonderful
world.

"1 looked at the little mite ; not much to see,' I thought, its
little red, wrinkly face crowned with a coating of fuzz which 1
supposed would some day he hair. J hit it was ours — that was
enough. The next day Mary didn't seem so well; the morning
of the third day, she was very ill. I went for the doctor. 1
rememher still the ride down the valley. I didn't seem to sense
how ill she was. I couldn't believe that she would be taken. So
many babes were born into the world, some every day, and the
mother almost always lived, I comforted myself. But something
else troubled me ; I had been in the kitchen, that morning, when
the nurse gave the boy his bath. She had looked at him strangely,
then at me, as if she wished to tell me something; but instead, she
only shook her head. What could it mean, I wondered, but didn't
like jto ask. The doctor came back with me. When he had looked
at Mary, the nurse called him. He took the baby to the window
and examined it closely. His face grew grave. He said nothing.
I think he meant to keep it from Mary, but mothers seem to di-
vine some things."

' 'Oh, I know, I know. I noticed it yesterday," she said, her
voice quivering with agony.

"Half dazed, I stumbled out of the cabin. What was it?
What had happened? The old doctor followed me out. For a
moment he did not speak ; then he looked me straight in the eye :
'Young man, the boy is blind.'

" 'My heavens,' I said!

"That was twenty years ago, George," he went on, quietly,
"but it is as plain to me as if it were yesterday. I can see it all.
The little cabin on the hillside, in the sunlight, the few acres of
tender grain, the creek and the trees at the left, the blue hills in
the distance ; the old doctor grim and stern, standing there look-
ing at me ! A terrible weakness overpowered me. I sank to the
log. The world seemed dark ; it was almost as if the blindness
of the little babe, in there, had cast a shadow on the face of
nature.

' Tt is' — I looked at the doctor helplessly, a sickening fear at
my heart —

' 'Wild oats,' he said, tersely, as he turned on his heel and
walked into the cabin.

"I thought, then, he was brutal. I have learned since that
doctors must sometimes cut deep to effect a permanent cure.
Then, too, in the light of my own experience, the terrible things
that doctors see and know ; boy, I do not wonder that some of
them lose entirely their faith in humanity. I sat there a long time.
What I suffered God alone understands. Then I went into the
cabin, and knelt by Mary's bedside. She reached out her hand.

WILD OATS 881

and let it rest lovingly on my head — she did not speak, but 1
understood." The doctor paused. "It takes a brave woman to
forgive the man who strikes her through her child !

"That afternoon we sent for her mother. In her kind, old
eves was nothing but pity for me. Your people are like that.
They accept what comes heroically ; perhaps they know that God
is mericful, that sometime, somewhere, all will be right again.
That night, I talked to her father — I told him all, not one of the
sordid details of those two years did I hide. Nor did I try to
excuse myself. He was not harsh ; in fact, where I expected re-
proaches I received only kindness. 'My boy,' he said, 'it is the
way of the world — the double standard ! But we, this little hand-
ful of people in the mountains, have a clearer vision. We are
trying to teach our sons that there can be but one standard. We
want the men who claim our daughters to be as pure as are our
girls'."

Into George's mind flashed the past. How many times he
had heard it. Almost those very words, at church, back home.
A year ago it had seemed all right, but here — in the camps — the
hot blood rushed into his cheeks, as his own remark made in an-
swer to a taunt that the shovel engineer (known as the raciest
raconteur in camp) had flung, came back to him: 'Yes, of course,
they're fifty years behind the times, your rural people are.' _ And
this was how men, real men, manly men, looked at the simple
principles of his people, as something beautiful, something to be
marveled at.

"It remained for Mary, unwittingly," continued the doctor,
"to give the hardest blow. It was the day she died" — the doctor's
lips twitched. "She asked for me, and when I sat down by the
bedside, she took my hand. She was very near the borderland
then. She looked so frail and unearthly, lying there among the
pillows : 'Horace, I'm going to die. I think it's better that way.
You've been very good to me. I love you so. I couldn't live
without you.' Then I understood that I would have to lose her,
if not in death, in life, reared as she had been, among your pure-
minded people, she could not be a wife, and not a potential
mother. To pass the curse to another child would be unthinkable.
She was right ; it was better that way. She died that night. Her
folks took the baby ; it only lived four months. They lie side by
side in the cemetery, near the town where she was born. I go
there every year, just for a day. Some of her people still live
in the old place ; they're glad to see me when I come, but I never
stay long. I want to get back to work."

"You became a doctor?" _

"Shortly after. I sold the farm and studied medicine; it
seemed the only way I could reach boys to talk to them— to warn
them against the fate that had been mine. I don't often tell my

882 IMPROVEMENT ERA

story. It hurts too much, but when I sec a clean young man,
like you, just getting ready to step over the brink, I have to tell
it. It's part of the penalty, maybe," he concluded sadly, "maybe,
when I've paid enough, they'll give them both to me over there."

He drew in at the little store, at Lowell, where the boy must
take the train.

"Goodbye, George," he said, slowly, "remember there is one
way, and only one, to avoid reaping the harvest of 'wild oats,' and
that is: don't sow them."

"Goodbye, doctor; thank you. I'll not forget," he said,
squaring his shoulders and looking straight into the doctor's eyes.

Four days later, George piled off the stage, at camp, loaded
with bundles. He carried them over to the commissary, chatted
awhile with the timekeeper, then walked out over the work.

"Hello!" — the "walker" drew rein — "Back again? Well,
we're ready for you," eyeing him appraisingly.

"Trip didn't seem to hurt him any," he thought. "Glad of
it ; he's a nice kid."

"There's George. Hello, there, sonny. Have your 'time'?"
questioned the shovel engineer, banteringly.

"Yep," shortly.

"Young blood ; youth will have its fling," he chuckled, as he
climbed up onto the little Model 20. But he could not know
that to him and George a "time" had come to have a vastly differ-
ent meaning.

And the girl, back home! When the job was finished he'd
go back to her — a man, clean as the boy that bade her goodbye,
in their sunny southern village.

EUGENE, OREGON

Pansies

Gems blushed with morning dew;
Robed in most gorgeous hue;
Thoughts of the pure and true;

Emblems of beauty.
Be thou my thoughts tonight;
Teach me to brave the right:
Guide all my steps aright,

To do life's duty.

O. F. Ursenbach.

^

1

GREAT SALT LAKE CITY

An English artist's conception of Salt Lake City,
Utah. The sketch was printed in The Mormons, pub-
lished in London, in 1852, and was drawn from verbal
descriptions of the city, the valley, the Wasatch moun-
tains, and the majestic Cottonwood peaks :

"O ye mountains high, where the clear blue sky

Arches over the vales of the free,
Where the pure breezes blow, and the clear streamlets flow,

How I've longed to your bosom to flee.
O Zion! dear Zion! land of the free,
Now my own mountain home, unto thee I have come —
All my fond hopes are centered in thee."— Hymn, 317.

BOB WHITE.

Outlines for Scout Workers

BY DELBERT W. PARRATT, B. S.

II. BOB WHITE

"I see you on the zig-zag rails,

You cheery little fellow!
While purple leaves are whirling down,

And scarlet, brown, and yellow.
I hear you when the air is full

Of snow-down of the thistle;
All in your speckled jacket trim,

'Bob White! Bob White!' you whistle."

1. Why is the Bob White so named?

2. To what family does it belong? Distinguish it from other
birds of this family.

3. Note size, shape, and color.

4. Contrast male and female in size and in color, and explain why
these differences.

5. Contrast the song of the male Bob White with that of the fe-

OUTLINES FOR SCOUT WORKERS 885

male. Why the difference? When does it sing mostly? Why then?
What is meant by the "covey call?"

6. Upon what does this bird live and how is it adapted to get its
food?

7. What are the enemies of the Bob White and how does it pro-
tect itself from these?

8. Explain the manner in which Bob Whites group themselves
while sleeping. Why this way?

9. Tell of the speed and height at which this bird flies. During
which season does it fly most? Why then?

10. Where and how is the nest usually made? Why there?

11. Tell of the color and number of eggs. How many broods are
usually hatched in a season?

12. Where does the Bob White spend its winters?

13. Should the quail be protected? Why? Contrast the open sea-
son in our state for quails with that for ducks. Why the difference?

HANDY MATERIAL

" 'I own the country here about,' said Bob White;

'At early morn I gayly shout, 'I'm Bob White!'
From stubble field and stake-rail fence

You hear me call, without offense,
•I'm Bob White! Bob White!'

"'Sometimes I think I'll ne'er more say, 'Bob White;'
It often gives me quite away, does Bob White;
And mate and I, and our young brood,
When separate — wandering through the wood,
Are killed by sportsmen I invite
By my clear voice — Bob White! Bob White!
Still, don't you find I'm out of sight

While I am saying, Bob White, Bob White?' "

— C. C. M.

The bird under consideration is so named because his call is
suggestive of "Bob White." He is one of the gallinacious birds,
as are also the pine hen, grouse, sage hen, partridge, and Cali-
fornia quail. These all prefer walking to flying and ordinarily
fly only when in danger. Strictly speaking, the Bob White is an
eastern bird and consequently not a native of our state. He has
been introduced into Utah and thrives here in a manner pleasing
to lovers of this beautiful and interesting creature. Our most
common quail is the California Valley partridge, a name suggestive
of the fact that the vast regions of our locality were once a part of
Alta or Upper California.

The Bob White is about ten inches long and of a dumpy ap-
pearance. His back is brownish red, tinged with gray and mottled
with dusky spots. His chin, throat, forehead and lines through
eyes and along the sides of his neck are white. There is a black
band across the top of his head. On the head of the female bird,
brownish red replaces the white. Her smaller size and leafy brown
coloring make her very inconspicuous when on the nest.

As with most other birds, the female Bob White exercises the

886 IMPROVEMENT ERA

right of deciding who her mate shall be. She is not placed in
competition with others of her sex to win the attentions of any
particular male. This striving for recognition is left to the males
and in the struggle the fellow with the prettiest feathers and most
attractive call out-classes his less fortunate rivals.

And during the mating season the jealous rivals often engage
in lively fights to determine which shall "keep company" with a
certain female and in these the larger bird, of course, stands the
better chance of winning out. The larger bird therefore is the one
to get mated and to have his kind reproduced in the next genera-
tion. This process of fighting, mating, and reproducing has been
going on for a long time until now the males have come to be
somewhat larger than the females.

The male bird's loud clear song of "Bob White" is thought to
resemble "more wet" and is regarded in some localities as an omen
of rainy weather. However, it is a cheery song, making rain
seem desirable. After the pair of Bob Whites is mated, the song
is used by the male to call his companion in case she is hid from
view or is straying too far from his side.

The nest, which is made of grass, is hid in the bushes, often
near a fence. There is always a well defined, though crooked
trail to the nest. Nests are often placed near foot paths ap-
parently for protection by man against other enemies.

There are from ten to eighteen pure white, rather sharply
pointed eggs. The points are turned downward in the neatly
packed nest. As a rule one brood is raised in a season, the so
called second brood coming only when the first is destroyed. The
young birds can run about as soon as hatched. They are difficult
to raise from the eggs, chiefly on account of the impossibility of
obtaining the insects on which the young feed. Both male and
female take turns in keeping the eggs warm during nesting period,
the female, of course, serving the major portion of time.

Quail are hunted by men and boys in the autumn. Many
perish from cold and hunger, or from being imprisoned under the
snow during severe winters. Foxes and coyotes prey upon these
birds, and snakes upon their eggs. In order to baffle and be-
wilder their enemies, quail, in common with other wild chickens,
rest on the ground in the form of a circle, heads outward, so that
each can fly off in a straight line, if alarmed, without interfering
with the others. The flight is low and rapid with numerous quick
flappings of the wings. After being dispersed the Bob Whites are
called together by the "covey call" of Whir-r-rl-ee ! Whir-rl-ee !
Whir-r-rl-ee ! the sweetest, softest, tenderest call one would care
to hear. As a rule, quail do not find it necessary to fly much except
during the hunting season.

Half the food of this quail consists of weed seeds, almost a
fourth of grain, and about a tenth of wild fruits. Although thus

OUTLINES FOR SCOUT WORKERS 887

eating grain, the bird gets most of it from stubble. Fifteen per
cent of the Bob White's food is composed of insects, including
several of the most serious pests of agriculture. It feeds freely
upon Colorado potato bugs and chinch bugs ; it devours also cu-
cumber beetles, clover leaf weevils, cottonboll weevils, cutworms,
and Rocky Mountain locusts.

Bob White stays with us all winter. Many farmers, who love
this bird, feed whole flocks when the snow is deep and food scarce.
Besides his usefulness to farmers, the quail, in other countries,
proves himself a source of comfort. The Chinese quail, in the
East Indies, is used as a fighting bird and also for warming his
owner's hands in winter.

Who's whistling so cheerfully down in the clover,

When the meadows are wet with the sweet morning dew?
He's piping and calling, this ardent young lover,
And telling his tale the whole morning through,
What is it he says in the early sunlight?
"Bob White! Bob White!
Bob— Bob White!"

At noon when the day dog in wrath has descended,

With his swift golden arrows, on grain-field and hill;
And the birds of the morning their love-songs have ended,

Then deep in the wood, and down bv the rill
I hear a shrill whistle, so cheerful and brisrht:
"Wheat ripe? Bob White!
Not — not auitel"

When shadows of evening are lengthening slowly,

Ere the night dews lie damp on the meadows again;
As light breezes sweep o'er the soft grass so lowly,

What is it he says? I hear the refrain,
While in the thick verdure he's hid from my sight:
"Good night! Bob White!
Good — good night."

— EFFIE L. HALLETT

References: Encyclopedia; Geographical Magazine, May, 1914;

June, 1913; Song, Bob White, Songs in Season; Story, How the Quail

became a Sniye, Holbrook Nature Myths; Utah State Fish and Game
Lows.

A distinguished member of the National Geographic Society, on
his way down-town one day when the polar controversy was at its
height, passed some little colored boys who were playing with two
very pretty kittens. Pausing, he asked the leader of the party if he
had named the kittens.

"Oh, yes," was his reply, "I calls 'em Tawm and Jerry."

"Why not call them Cook and Peary?"

" Deed, boss," was the quick rejoinder, "dese yere ain't polecat*."

M. I. A. Conference

First Day, June 11, 1915

The General Annual Conference of the Young Men's and
Young Ladies' Mutual Improvement Associations was held in
Salt Lake City, June 11, 12 and 13, 1915. Many important
items for officers were considered at the first session, on Friday
morning, June 11. The meeting was held at 9:30, in the Assem-
bly Hall, and was a joint officers' meeting. Elder Heber J.
Grant presided. The congregation sang, "Come, Come, Ye
Saints," and prayer was offered by Elder Junius F. Wells, after
which the Granite stake Girls' Chorus, under the direction of
Marion Cannon, sang.

STAKE SUPERVISION

Sister Clarissa A. Beesley spoke upon stake supervision,
strongly urging the stakes to organize their boards of the
best material to be found, as the wards look to the stake board
members to lead out and properly direct the work. She also
called attention to the necessity of stake boards keeping in touch
constantly with the ward officers, by personal visit where possible,
or by correspondence, where the wards are scattered. Important
also is the need of co-operation between the young men and young
ladies, for a great deal of the work now being taken up is joint
work and cannot be handled successfully unless both organiza-
tions co-operate.

CONTEST ACTIVITIES

Elder Oscar A. Kirkham spoke upon special activities and
contest work. He named the following events which are to be
taken up at the general June conference of 1916 :

In order to make clear to the officers what will be done in
contest work at the M. I. A. Annual June Conference, and to aid
them in the selection and preparation of this work, the following
activities have been outlined by the General Boards. While other
events may be used in wards and stakes for contest purposes, the
three following are the only events outlined by the General Boards
to be taken up, first in the ward, then in the stake district, the
stake, the Church district, and in the grand finals :

I. Senior Public Speaking — 10 minutes.
Open to all Seniors.

Points of Judgment:

M. T. A. CONFERENCE 889

1. The idea — 20 per cent.

2. The development — 50 per cent.

a. Introduction.

(1) Simple, direct, earnest, suggestive of material to
follow.

b. Body.

(1) Develop theme, which should be persuasive
rather than merely matter-of-fact.

c. Summary.

(1) General conclusion taken from the body of ad-
dress.

d. Original.

(1) No long quotations should be given.

(2) Sincerity.

3. Delivery — 30 per cent.

II. Male Quartet.

Open to all members of Y. M. M. I. A.
Selection to be made.
Points of Judgment:

1. Interpretation as per musical markings and text — 15 per cent.

2. Expression and phrasing — 15 per cent.

3. Tone quality — 15 per cent.

4. Blending and balance — -10 per cent.

5. Reading (nroducing proper notes) — 10 per cent.

6. Tempo — 10 per cent.

7. Pitch — 10 per cent.

8. Enunciation and pronunciation — 10 per cent.

9. Attack and release — 5 per cent.

III. Ladies' Quartet.

Open to all members of Y. L. M. I. A.
Selection to be made.

Points of Judgment: (Same as for male quartet.)

Church Districts (See Y. M. M. I. A. Hand Book, second
edition, p. 92). In order to obviate the over-crowding of time
at the general Church finals in June, the stakes of the Church
have been grouped in seventeen districts for try-outs.

Stake superintendents and presidents of Y. M. M. I. A. and
Y. L. M. I. A. of the stakes starred will take the initiative in ar-
ranging for the finals in their districts, including dates and place
of meetings, etc., following the same general plan given for the
grand finals. In the holding of Church district meets, any vari-
ance from the general plan should be agreed upon by the super-
intendents and presidents of the different stakes, and a copy
placed in the hands of all the contestants in that district.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

See pages 90-91, in the second edition of the Y. M. M. I. A.
Hand Book. These rules and regulations will govern the contest
work of 1915-16. We give here only the four new rules. These
are also found with the others in the Hand Book:

890 IMPROVEMENT ERA

1. Contests, that is, try-outs or exercises calling for adjudication,
must not be held on Sundays. Adjudications made on Sundays will
not be recognized.

2. In order to become eligible for contest work a member must
have been in attendance at regular class meetings at least five times
prior to April 1.

3. In group work in wards, individuals doing the best work may
be re-grouped to meet those of other wards. This rule applies to
wards only.

4. All stake officers are barred from participating in contests, in-
cluding stake pennant contest.

SPECIAL ACTIVITIES STAKE PENNANT

We suggest that a stake pennant be given for the ward scor-
ing the greatest number of points in proportion to its enrollment,
for participation in special activities as per the following score
card:

1. Mixed Double Quartet — 10 points initial group appearance, 3
points for each additional appearance, 10 points for complete rendition
of "Daughter of Jairus."

2. Boys' Chorus (six or more members) — 10 points initial group
appearance, 3 points for each additional appearance.

3. Girls' Chorus (six or more members) — (Score same as Boys'
Chorus).

4. Male Quartet — 5 points initial group appearance, 2 points each
additional appearance.

5. Ladies' Quartet — (Score same as Male Quartet).

6. Advanced Seniors — Extemporaneous Public Speaking — 3 points
for initial appearance.

7. Senior Public Speaking — 3 points for initial appearance.

8. Retold Story (open to all) — 3 points for initial appearance.

9. Drama — 15 points for initial group appearance.

Note. — These appearances, scoring for points in the above events
must be made in M. I. A. gatherings.

10. Reading Course — 2 points for reading of each book of this
year's reading course, making a possible score of 16 points for each
individual.

NOTES

The following list of subjects are for Advanced Senior Ex-
temporaneous Public Speaking:

"Faith," "Repentance," "Baptism," "Gift of the Holy Ghost,"
"Tithing," "Word of Wisdom," "America the Promised Land," "The
Second Coming of Christ," "Modern Revelation," "Divine Authority,"
"Resurrection," "Prayer," "The Sabbath Day," "The Mission of the
M. I. A."

It is suggested that stakes make a selection for ward use from
the above subjects. These subjects have been suggested with the
thought that every Latter-day Saint should be able to speak intel-
ligently, for at least ten minutes, on anv one of them.

It is suggested that the mixed double quartet develop the
festival idea, using The Daughter of Jairus, a sacred cantata by
John Stainer, published by Schirmer, New York ; price 60c. This

M. T. A. CONFERENCE 891

may be obtained through any music dealer. This work to be de-
veloped through preliminary programs, special activity nights,
finally culminating in all ward mixed double quartets uniting and
giving the production, on M. I. A. Day, under the direction of
the stake musical directors of the Y. M. and Y. L. M. I. A.

A pennant will be given at the Grand Finals, held at the June
Conference of 1916, to the stake scoring the greatest number of
points in proportion to its enrollment, as per the foregoing score
card for stake use. Stakes entering for this Church pennant must
report to the General Secretary, Moroni Snow, not later than May
25, 1916.

THE READING COURSE

Elder B. S. Hinckley of the Young Men's Board spoke upon
the Reading Course. The General Boards present for 1915-16
one joint M. I. A. Reading Course, instead of two separate
courses as heretofore. The eight books in the list have been se-
lected with care, and it is believed will be read with great profit
and enjoyment by our young people. They have been divided into
two groups, and both Seniors and Juniors are encouraged to read
the entire list. Five additional good books are also suggested, for
the use of those who may desire to read more than the regular
course :

Senior List :

The Prophet-Teacher — B. H. Roberts.
A Study of Greatness in Men — Larned.
The Play-House — Alfred Lambourne.
A Daughter of the North — Nephi Anderson.

Junior List:

Little Sir Galahad — Gray.
Twenty-fourth of June — Grace Richmond.
Lance of Kanana — Abd El Ardavan.
A nature book will be selected later.

Additional Books:

Cities of the Sun— Elizabeth Cannon Porter.

peter — F. Hopkinson Smith.

The Rosary— Florence L. Barclay.

Mother Carey's Chickens- -Wiggins.

Problems of Boyhood, for teachers in the Y. M. M. 1. A.
classes.

Among other things, Brother Hinckley said: "Our organi-
zation is making an earnest and systematic endeavor to promote
the reading of good books. It is taking advantage of the great
agency of reading to educate and elevate the entire community.

892 IMPROVEMENT ERA

It requires no argument to convince you that the reading habit is
the key that unlocks the treasure-house of the world's knowledge.
It is the source of more happiness, more information and more
inspiration than any other habit. I am bold to say that without
books, civilization would perish from the earth. I am reminded
of a statement contained in one of our sacred books. You will
remember when Nephi with his brothers went for the plates, he
was very much in doubt as to whether, in order to secure the
plates, he would be justified in destroying their keeper. The
Spirit of the Lord whispered to him and said : "It is better that
one man should die than that a whole nation should perish in un-
belief."

It is said in A Study of Greatness in Men that the invention
of the printing press was the greatest invention ever made, if
measured by its effects upon civilization. We can do no young
man or young lady greater service than to lead them into the com-
panionship of sages and seers, put them in touch with the great-
est and best spirits of the world. I remember reading in the Era
a statement which I also heard a good man tell personally. He
said about thirty years ago, when he was keeping a little book
store down on Main street, a young fellow with a strong face
sauntered into his shop, and the book man said to him : "Have
you ever read this book?" He said, "No." "Well," said the
keeper of the shop, "I wish you would take it and read it, and tell
me what you think of it." And the young man did read it. It
touched his heart and stirred his soul. He was transformed from
an indifferent sort of ruffian to a scholar and a thinker, and he
stands today better than most men. I heard Elder Roberts say
on one occasion that the same man (James Dwyer — peace to his
memory) was the man who induced him to read the Book of Mor-
mon, and I feel in my heart that B. H. Roberts has given us more
original work on the Book of Mormon than any other man living.

We ask for officers to do two things. First, read these
books. If you will devote ten minutes a day from now until the
first of October, you can read them all. Let this fire be kindled
in your own heart, then you will kindle it in the hearts of others.

Second, select as supervisors men and women who not only
love books but who have a knowledge of them, and who will be
active in this work. Our counsel is this, that in every stake there
shall be two supervisors, one young lady and one young man.
There shall also be supervisors of the reading course in the wards,
one for the young ladies and one for the young men. It is the
business of the stake supervisors to see that all the wards have
their supervisors, and that they work. Whether these books are
read depends very largely on the supervisors, whose first qualifi-
cation is love for the work.

M. I. A. CONFERENCE 893

I remind you of a story, printed for a long time on an
envelope. This is the substance of it, the words of Dr. Channing :

"God be thanked for books. They give us the spiritual com-
panionship of the good and great of all ages. No matter how poor
I am, no matter though the prosperous of my own day will not enter
my humble dwelling; if the sacred writings will cross my threshold
and take up their abode under my roof; if Milton will sing of Para-
dise, and Shakespeare reveal to me the world of imagination and
the workings of the human heart; if Franklin will honor my home
with his practical wisdom, I shall not pine for the want of intellectual
companionship, and may be a well-read man, though denied the best
society in the place where I live."

FALL CONVENTIONS

Sister Emma Goddard, of the Young Ladies' Board, spoke
on fall conventions. The method of conducting the 1915 conven-
tions will be somewhat changed from that of previous years. The
General Board members will present the subjects and direct the
discussion. Important lines of M. I. A. activity, and detail work
of the organizations will be considered. Stake and local officers
are expected to be prepared to take part in the discussion. Pro-
vision will be made for local representatives to carry on the pro-
gram, in the event that no member of the General Boards is pres-
ent.

Since, to a great extent, stake officers will be relieved from
presenting special subjects at the convention, it is urged that they
devote their efforts to the securing of the 100 per cent attendance.
In a stake of ten wards there should be present twenty presidents,
forty counselors, twenty secretaries, etc.

The convention program will provide for one joint officers'
meeting, one separate officers' meeting, one public meeting, and
one sociable. Complete outline of work will be given in the con-
vention circular for 1915, soon to be distributed to stake officers.
The congregation sang, "O Ye Mountains High," and the ben-
eduction was pronounced by Sister Rose W. Bennett.

DEMONSTRATIONS OF SOCIAL WORK

The congregation adjourned to the Deseret Gymnasium,
where from 11 a. m. to 12:30 p. m., a demonstration of social
work was given, including two divisions. The first was a "Home
Evening," by the Granite stake, showing how this evening in a
family should be conducted. The program included instrumental
music, songs, story telling, recitation, conversation and the serv-
ing of refreshments, with explanations of when prayer should
be offered, and how the evening should be generally conducted,

894 IMPROVEMENT ERA

by Vice-Chairman Thomas Hull of the Social Committee. This
demonstration was under the direction of Superintendent Charles
H. Norberg, of the Y. M. M. I. A., and President May Green of
the Y. L. M. I. A. of the Granite stake. The demonstration of
the ward dance showed how it should not be conducted, and how
it should be conducted, the lines of demarcation being very clearly
drawn, and was given by the Pioneer stake, under the supervision
of Superintendent Datus Hammond and President Sasie Heath,
who had selected young people from different wards of the stake
to make the demonstration.

SPECIAL SUPERINTENDENTS' MEETING

A special meeting of stake superintendents and officers of
the Y. M. M. I. A. was held at 1 p. m., in the assembly room of
the Bishop's building. A general discussion of the subject, "Effi-
ciency in Stake Work" was taken up, the subject being introduced
by Elder John F. Bowman, who called attention to the necessity
of a complete organization, to systematic and energetic work, and
to appointing persons to work in departments to which they are
best adapted. A general discussion followed, in which methods
of gettitng the right man in the right place, and weeding out un-
interested officers were taken up. The use of the Hand Book
was emphasized. Every officer should have this guide.

TRY-OUTS IN CONTEST WORK

On Friday afternoon at 2 p. m., preliminary try-outs in the
three divisions of contest work were held. The music section,
under the supervision of Oscar A. Kirkham and Mabel Cooper,
met in the Assembly Hall ; the Public Speaking section, under the
supervision of Preston D. Richards and Emily C. Adams, in the
assembly room of the Bishop's building; and the Re-told Story
section, under the direction of Nicholas G. Morgan and Edith R.
Lovesy, in the Fourteenth ward chapel.

The following were representatives at the preliminary try-
outs:

MIXED DOUBLE QUARTETS

District No. 4, Bingham Stake, Idaho Falls, G. W. Charlesworth,
conductor; District No. 10, Utah stake, Provo, Utah, C, W. Reid,
conductor; District No. 7, Oneida Stake, Preston, Idaho, Margaret
Merrill, conductor; District No. 8, Ogden Stake, Ogden, Utah, Mrs.
W. C. Parker, conductor; District No. 9, Pioneer stake, Salt Lake
City, William Cook, conductor; District No. 12, Parowan stake, Ce-
dar City, Sadie Thornley, conductor; District No. 17, Deseret stake,
Hinckley, Utah, Mrs. C. A. Broaddus conductor.

The quartets from District No. 4, Idaho Falls, and District No. 10,
Provo, were chosen to compete in the grand finals.

J&, 8&

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WINNERS OF THE MIXED DOUBLE QUARTET

District No. 4, Bingham stake, Idaho Falls. Personnel: G. W. Charlesworth, con-
ductor; Joseph Morley, C. E. Dinwoodey, J. E. Pike, Mrs. Reuel Packard, Mrs. Leroy
Farr, Miss Lucile Pike, Miss Zula Boomer, Alvin Beesley, accompanist.

ladies' quartet

The winners in the Ladies' Quartet, in the above mentioned dis-
tricts were: First place won by District No. 12, Parowan stake, Cedar
City, under the direction of Mrs. Sadie Thornley. The quartet was
composed of the following: Flora Urie, Pearl Urie, Zelma Jones, and
Mrs. Zazel Granger. The second place was won by District No. 7,
Oneida stake, Preston, Idaho, Margaret Merrill, conductor. The fol-
lowing composed the quartet: Margaret Merrill, Lucile Rogers, Hattie
Peterson and Agnes Nuffer.

MALE QUARTET

WINNERS OF THE MALE QUARTET
Taken from the personnels of the two Mixed Double Quartets contesting at the
Grand Finals. They are Clinton Luke, Gordon Reese, Warren Allred, Albert J South-
wick, and C. W. Reid, conductor. This quartet is from District No. 10, Utah Stake,
Provo, Utah.

896

IMPROVEMENT ERA

The winners of first place in the Male Quartet were from District
No. 10, Utah stake, Provo. The conductor was C. W. Reid. Personnel
of the quartet, Clinton Luke, Gordon Reese, Warren Allred and Albert
J. Southwick. The second place was tied by District No. 4, Bingham
Stake, Idaho Palls, G. W. Charlesworth, conductor, with Joseph Mor-
ley, C. E. Dinwoodey, J. E. Pike and G. W. Charlesworth composing
the quartet; and District No. 12, Parowan stake, Cedar City, Sadie
Thornlcy, conductor, and Gordon Matheson, Lehi Jones, Randall
Jones, and Robert S. Gardner, making up the quartet.

BOYS CHORUS

District No. 17, Deseret stake, Hinckley, Utah, Mrs. C. A. Broad
dus, conductor; District No. 12, Parowan stake, Parowan, Utah, L. J.
Adams, conductor; District No. 7, Hyrum stake, Mendon, Utah, C. C.
Watkins, conductor; District No. 8, Ogden, Utah, Mrs. Saville, con-
ductor; District No. 11, Sevier stake, Richfield, Utah, S. H. Chidester,

WINNERS IN THE BOYS' CHORUS

District No. 12, Parowan stake, Parowan, Utah. Personnel: L. J. Adams, con-
ductor; Clifford Benson, Alfred Morris, Lucius Benson, Glen Clark, Edward Dalton,
Clifton Halterman, Albert Marsden, Rex Ward, and Charles Wood. "

conductor; South Sanpete stake, Manti, Utah, Lars Peterson, con-
ductor.

""The choruses from District No. 17, Hinckley, Utah, and District
No. 12, Parowan, Utah, were chosen to compete in the grand finals.

GIRLS' CHORUS

District No. 10, Utah stake, Timpanogos, C. W. Reid, conductor;
District No. 9, Ensign stake, Eighteenth ward, Edna Edwards, con-
ductor; District No. 4, Teton stake, Driggs, Idaho, James Driggs, con-
ductor; District No. 7, Oneida stake, Preston, Idaho, Margaret Mer-
rill, conductor; District No. 8, Ogden stake, Ogden, Utah, Beatrice
Brewer, conductor; District No. 11, Sevier stake, Richfield, Utah,
Eleanor Heppler, conductor; District No. 12, Parowan stake, Cedar

M. I. A. CONFERENCE 897

City, Utah, G. W. Foster, conductor; District Mo. 17, Deseret stake,
Hinckley, Utah, Mrs. C. A. Broaddus, conductor.

The choruses from District No. 10, Timpano^os ward, Utah stake,

WINNERS OF THE GIRLS' CHORUS

District No. 10, Utah Stake, Timpanogos ward. Personnel: Emma Peck, Diantha
Patten, Temple Evans, Lorna Booth, Ethel Hills, Lapriel Gappmeyer, Minnie Farley,
Sylvia Draper, Bessie Cook. C. W. Reid, conductor.

and District No. 9, Eighteenth ward, Ensign stake, were chosen to
compete in the grand finals.

SENIOR PUBLIC SPEAKING

John F. Miller, District No. 4, Yellowstone stake, St. Anthony,
Idaho, "Will the Golden Age of Peace Ever Come?"

Samuel Clawson, District No. 9, Ensign stake, Eighteenth ward,
Salt Lake City, "Choosing a Vocation."

Florella Love, District No. 1, Taylor stake, Raymond, Canada,
"The Gospel of Love."

Pearl Christensen, District 'No. 11, Richfield, Utah, "Our Birth-
right."

Edwin Baird, District No. 10, Provo, Utah, "Margins.

Moroni W. Smith, District No. 12, Parowan, Utah, "Service."

Harvey Taylor, District No. 8, Ogden, Utah, "The Unused Dy-
namo." , _ _ , ,

.Urs. R. D. Holt, District No. 7, Oneida stake, Preston, Idaho,
"Trust and Believe in God."

Henry Maxfield, District No. 3, Union stake, Cove, Oregon, I he
Builder and His Dream." . .

John F. Miller, of District No. 4, and Samuel Clawson of District
No. 9, were chosen to compete in the grand finals, and John F. Miller
was given first place.

ADVANCED SENIOR PUBLIC SPEAKING

Mrs. Gertrude Smith, District No. 10, Wasatch stake, Heber City,
Utah, "Woman's Work."

898

IMPROVEMENT ERA

Bertha Eccles Wright, District No. 8, Weber stake, Ogden, Utah,
"The Lord's Prayer."

Newell K. Young, District No. 9, North Davis stake, Kaysville,
Utah. "A Man Sent of God."

Georgia Hoagland Forsythe, District No. 12, Parowan stake, New-
castle, Utah, "Woman and Vocational Training."

Mrs. Edward P. Horsfall, District No. 4, Pocatello stake, Poca-
tello, Idaho, "Christianity in the Balance."

J. B. Bearnson, District No. 7, Cache stake, Logan, Utah, "Speak
Ye the Truth."

Mrs. Bertha Eccles Wright of District No. 8, and Newell K.
Young of District No. 9, were chosen to compete in the grand finals,
and Mrs. Wright was given first place.

JUNIOR RE-TOLD STORY

Grace Valentine, District No. 8, Box Elder stake, Brigham City,
Utah.

Leatha Anderson, District No. 7, Benson stake, Lewsiton, Utah.

Marion Burton, District No. 12, Parowan stake, Parowan, Utah.

Sadie Stubler, District No. 10, Alpine stake, American Fork, Utah.

Reva Riddle, District No. 11, South Sanpete stake, Manti, Utah.

Lyle Cropper, District No. 17, Deseret stake, Hinckley, Utah.

Fannie Harris, District No. 4, Fremont stake, Salem, Idaho.

Donnett Shumway, District No. 15, Snowflake stake, Snowflake,
Arizona.

Florence Cramer, District No. 5, Cassia stake, Marion, Idaho.

Mattie Schofield, District No. 3, Union stake, La Grande, Oregon.

Helen Root, District No. 6, Bannock stake, Soda Springs, Idaho.

MISS LEATHA ANDERSON

District No. 7, Lewiston, Utah, winner in
the Junior Re-told Story. Miss Anderson is
L.teen years of age.

M. I. A. CONFERENCE

899

Julius Madsen, District No. 9, Liberty stake, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Grace Valentine of District No. 8, whose story was "The Other
Wise Man," and Miss Leatha Anderson, of District No. 7, who re-told
the story of "Laddie," were chosen to compete in the grand finals, and
Leatha Anderson was given first place.

JUDGES

In the preliminary try-outs in the music section the judges
were: Miss Nora Gleason, Edw. P. Kimball and Joseph J.
Daynes, Sr. ; in the public-speaking section, Ardella Bitner Tibby,
Frank Nebeker and Charles H. Hart; in the junior re-told story
section, Miss Angie Holbrook, Alfred Reese, and Nicholas G.
Morgan.

In the grand finals, held on Saturday evening, June 12, in the
Assembly Hall, Prof. A. H. Peabody adjudicated in the musical
numbers; Adam Bennion, Margaret Caldwell and John Henry
Evans judged the re-told story contests; and Adam Bennion,
Mary Connelly and Carl Badger judged the public speaking.

EVENING ENTERTAINMENT

At eight o'clock on Friday evening, the General Boards of
the Y. M. and Y. L. M. I. A. tendered to the visiting officers of
the M. I. A. free admission to the grand concert in the Salt Lake
Tabernacle, given under the auspices of the Commercial Club for
the benefit of the Ogden Tabernacle Choir, to aid them in their
trip to the Panama Exposition. Leading musicians also took part
with the choir, including Emma Lucy Gates, John J. McClellan,
Roumania Hyde, and Horace Ensign.

A SAMPLE OF CONTEST ACTIVITY

900 IMPROVEMENT ERA

The Deseret stake is a sample of the splendid activity the
M. I. A. contest work has aroused throughout the Church, and in
which at least fifteen thousand young people participated during
the past season. The above picture represents the contingent
that came to Salt Lake City to represent the Deseret stake in the
final try-outs. There is the mixed double quartet at the back, the
junior girls' chorus in the center, and the boy scout chorus in
front, and with them the chaperones and accompanist and the
leader, all of Hinckley, Utah. Mrs. C. A. Broaddus, of Hincklev.
who was the efficient instructor in the singing, is the wife of Dr.
C. A. Broaddus. Mrs. M. E. Damron is the Deseret stake chor-
ister. The names of the young people and their associates are as
follows :

Stella Wn>ht, Hugh Hilton, Richard Terry, Ruby Stout, Golden Webb, Eugene
Hilton, Utah Terry, Virgil Hilton, Blyne Moody, Manton Moody, Grace Robinson,
F.lfic! T?ichards, Virtor Terry, Leatha Wright, Asahel Wright, Dr. and Mrs. C. A.
Rroaddus. Edna Home, Frances Stout, Clara Stewart, Rena Reeve, Fontella Cahoon,
Clement Hilton, , Leroy Cahoon, Aaron Home, Eureka Robinson, Marion Slaughter,
P.oy Hilton, Carrie Langston, Norma Damron, accompanist; Rose Terry, absent.

Judge Not

Who art thou to judge thy brother?

Full of wisdom though thou art — ■
His failure dire, his meek endeavor,

Thou who knowest not his heart

Couldst thou but unroll before thee

All his bare life's sterile scroll,
Perchance the shame thy judgment meted,

Wouldst return to thine own soul!

Couldst thou know the efforts fruitless

Through long, aching, barren years,
Perhaps unto him thou wouldst render

Balm of pity — healing tears.

If thou. God-like, should seek for motives,

Shouldst search for good, shouldst pray for grace,

Thou thysp1f p^pi-lr1?* s+pnH transfigured,
And couldst help him find his place.

Then judge thou not self-righteous judgment —

For all flesh is weak and frail —
And when men clasp hands as brothers,

Not one man shall faint nor fail!

Maud Baggart.ey

Snappy Sketches From Life

BY STUDENTS OF THE BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

II

Satisfaction, or Money Refunded

BY FRANCIS SMITH

The smallest pig sometimes squeals the loudest. How forci-
bly this thought was impressed upon me in a recent incident con-
nected with Mr. Tightwad's first, last, and only contribution to a
charity fund !

Mrs. O'Hooligan's husband had died recently, leaving her
nothing in the world but a family of eight ever-hungry Irish boys
and girls, a mortgage on her home, and the memory of Tim's love
for a "dhrop o' the crature."

For some time people had discussed means of helping the
unfortunate woman ; but nothing came of it until the chairman
of the Good Fellows Lodge suggested that each member be re-
quired to visit the citizens for contributions. The resolution was
carried and the work was soon under way.

Two weeks later the report showed a total of fifteen hundred
dollars. The secretary, having been appointed to take the money
to Mrs. O'Hooligan, walked over to the shack which the O'Hooh-
gans called home.

"Come in," called Mrs. O'Hooligan, cheerfully, m response
to his knock. "Oh, it's Mr. Graham, I— er— thought— have a
chair," she continued, wiping the dripping soap-suds from her
arms with her apron, and dusting a dilapidated^ chair with the
same garment. "It's a purty warm day, isn't it?"

"Yes it is," agreed the secretary, ignoring the proffered
chair "Mrs. O'Hooligan, the Good Fellows Lodge has been
aware of your circumstances for some time ; and we took up a lit-
tle collection of fifteen hundred dollars, which we hope you will
be able to use." . " . ,

"Fifteen hundred dollars! Oh, Mr. Graham, it s so good of
you but I can't take it, because I just got a letter from some
lawyers in Chicago, sayin' that Tim's uncle has died an left us
five thousand dollars." . . _

"Five thousand dollars! Well, that certainly is fine, Mrs.
O'Hooligan, I am heartily glad to hear it. Take good care of it,

902 IMPROVEMENT ERA

and you won't have to wash any more," responded the secretary,
as he started back to the lodge.

The next question was what to do with the money. It would
take a long time to refund it to the contributors. The committee
finally decided to give it to the public library for some much-
needed books.

A notice was published in the newspaper, stating the decision
of the committee. The contributors were told that if anyone had
an objection to the arrangement, his money would be refunded.

No one called for a refund except Mr. Tightwad, who said
he had never used the public library, and never intended to do so,
that books only made educated fools out of people; and that,
therefore, he wanted his money back.

"Very well," said the chairman. "What is the amount of
Jonah Tightwad's contribution, Mr. Graham?"

The secretary turned over a few leaves, ran his fingers down
the page, paused, smiled, and replied :

"fen cents."

The Greenhorn

BY WM. H. SNELL

"Come, old boy, jog along or it's goin' to be dark before we
git to the Flyin' W."

The speaker was a man about twenty-five years of age. His
ungainly form, with slouch sombrero, long, red hair, scattering,
stubby beard of two weeks' growth, blue denims shirt, chapless
legs, and low-heeled, cowhide boots, reminded one of some over-
grown boy from the farm.

His horse was rail^r heavily built for the office he was filling,
and the horseman's seat was one of the old-fashioned stock saddles
that had seen better days. The bridle was minus a throat latch
and one of the reins was of green cowhide.

"I guess the Flying W outfit will get one of the biggest sur-
prises that's happened to it fer some time," chuckled the rider.
"And the boys at the Pitchfork are going to be rather short of cash,
too, this month, or I don't look like old man Dickson's clodhop-
per."

He was not aware of two horsemen approaching from the rear,
until one of the horses sneezed. Then turning round and giving
way to a look of surprise and admiration, he waited for the riders
to speak. The splendid outfits of the cowboys from the Flying W
stood out in contrast with his own makeshift ; and their trim-built
ponies seemed rather impatient when their speed was reduced to
that of the jaded old horse they had overtaken.

SNAPPY SKETCHES FROM LIFE. 903

"Hello, pardner," spoke up the older of the two men. "Have
ye seen any of the Flying W steers over on the Stinkin' water this
fall?"

"I don't know nothin' 'bout Flying W cows. I live up on
Sage Creek. Besides, I'm goin' up to the Pitchfork to git a job, if
I can, breakin' bronchos. They say Buck Moore is workin' up
there, and he's the best twister in the hull country. Bet yer life,
I'm goin' to git a job helping him, if I can."

"So you're a broncho twister, are ye? Well, my name's, Ben-
ton. I'm foreman of the Flying W, and this is Shorty Bates. Jest
call, me Benton for short, and Bates ye can call Shorty, becuz he's
so ding-busted long," and the hills echoed with the hearty laughter
of the two riders.

"Wall, Dad he didn't want me to take ter twistin' ; but I
'lowed as how with what I know already, I could soon become a
professionalist, and go down to the State fair an' maybe win a
prize. Finally Dad jest give me this here outfit and said I could go
try it fer a while."

The two men had passed several knowing glances while this
conversation had been taking place. Finally Benton, who was
always on hand for a rare bit of sport for the boys at the ranch,
said,

"You'd better stop over with us a few days, and help Shorty
break some fresh ones. And, as long as it's twistin' ye want, ye
can sorter git yer hand in before sidin' up to old Buck. By the
way, what's yer handle when yer home? Say, yer not Moore
yerself are ye, ha ! ha ! ha ! They say he's got red hair and square
jaws, but then he's some older than you."

"My name's Sandy Dickson. I'm purty anxious to git up to
the Pitchfork; but if I can help ye out a couple of days, I'll stop
over, pervidin' there's enough in it."

The trio was almost at the Flying W headquarters, and
rather than lose their fun, Benton said,

"I'll give ye five dollars a day, Sandy, if you'll help us. We're
pretty blamed hard up fer help. What do ye say?"

Sandy seemed to study deeply for a few moments, then an-
swered,

'I guess I'll take ye up, as it's about night, and I can t git to

the Pitchfork today."

As the party rode up to the bunk-house, Benton exclaimed,
"Boys, shake with Sandy Dickson. He's goin' to ride fer us

a couple o' days. I'll tell ye we're mighty lucky to hop on to him."
The boys were all "on" in a twinkling; and after the horses

had been turned out and supper was over, they returned to the

bunk-house to spend the evening in playing poker and telling

yarns.

904 IMPROVEMENT ERA

The next morning Benton said to the wrangler,

"Bill, run in old Hickory this morning."

Old Hickory was an outlaw. He had thrown every man who
had had pluck enough to tackle him. Nowadays he was brought
forth only when Benton happened on to some "greenhorn."

After a breakfast of dough-gods, syrup, beef, and black cof-
fee, the boys sauntered down to the corral to cheer up a bit be-
fore saddling their horses.

"Well, Sandy," drawled Benton as he knocked the ashes out
of his pipe by tapping it on the heel of his boot, "ye can jest throw
yer traps on to that little bay first. He'll jolt yer breakfast down ;
then ye can side up to the big sorrel that stands over by the fence."

Sandy slid over the fence rather clumsily with his rope,
which was large and limber, and after several trials succeeded in
catching two head of horses at once. The boys were splitting their
sides to see Sandy's maneuvers. There was a snort, a kick, a
plunge and Sandy was jerked head-long, losing all hold of the
rope. The outcome of it was, that the boys caught the little bay
and helped Sandy saddle him.

As Sandy did not have any spurs, Bill tossed him a pair say-
in <y

"Put these diggers on, and show us how twistin's done. We
know ye can do it."

Sandy took them and after a number of trials succeeded in
getting them adjusted correctly. Meanwhile, the little bay was
jumping and plunging in a way that might easily scare a green-
horn ; finally, however, under the management of strong hands, he
was brought to a standstill, but with his legs braced as though his
next move would be upward.

"I don't believe I'd better tackle him," said Sandy. "He might
put me down."

"Oh, you can ride him, old hand — you can ride him," came
from several of the men at once, who thought they were going to
lose their fun after all.

Sandy was finally persuaded to mount, which he did very
awkwardly. He soon had in his hands all the loose leather he
could find, and it looked as if the first move of the horse would
give him a free trip to the sun. Much of the little bay's ginger,
however, had been taken out of him during the process of sad-
dling; and so after a few crow hops, he began to sulk. Sandy
did not lose his grip of the saddle horn until after the horse had
ceased hopping. A broad grin crossed his face as he said rather
boastingly,

"Guess I kin ride 'em. Jest bring on yer old sorrel and I'll
nx him, too."

Although the boys had been disappointed thus far, they knew

SNAPPY SKETCHES FROM LIFE. 905

that old Hickory would play his part in the game. The outlaw
seemed to know what was coming, and was saddled with little
trouble.

"I say," whispered Shorty, ''let's hobble his stirrups so he
won't get caught when old Hickory shakes 'im."

"You fellers want to bet I can't ride that old plug?" queried
Sandy from the fence, where he had been enjoying the situation.
"I know I kin ride him, if Benton will let me wear them feather-
legs of hisn."

The chaps in question were made of the best angora goat
skin, and had cost the foreman thirty dollars, a few days ago.

"I'll tell you what we'll do, Sandy," said Benton. "You can
take my chaps and quirt, and there's a company rig already on the
old sorrel ; and if you can rid 'im, you can keep the hull blamed
outfit, old Hickory to boot."

"Jest take 'em off, then, and I'll show ye how he'll take me to
the Pitchfork tonight."

Sandy suddenly stepped up to the horse with an open knife
and cut the buckskin thong that Shorty had used to hobble the
stirrups ; and before any one could speak, he had placed one hand
on the pommel and bounded into the saddle.

Old Hickory twisted and turned, swapped ends, plunged,
and kicked ; but Sandy was riding straight up — transformed in a
way that made every cowboy open his eyes in amazement.

When the old horse could not unseat his rider any other way,
he tried his never-before-failing trick, that of coming over back-
ward. But when he hit the ground Sandy was not there. Before
the outlaw was fully upon his feet, Sandy was again in the
saddle.

Old Hickory tried the same stunt again, but the loaded end of
a quirt came down between his ears and he stumbled to his knees.
Slowly he arose again, determined, it seemed, with one final effort
to rid himself of this human sticking-plaster.

The boys had never seen anything like it ; and although they
knew now that they had been taken in at their own game, they
could not help admiring this strange adventurer.

A few minutes more of desperate lunging, and the sorrel
straightenend the crook in his back and galloped off. Sandy rode
off a quarter of a mile, wheeled his conquered steed, and pulled up
before his astonished admirers. Throwing one leg over the horn
of the saddle he said, .

"If you fellows will cinch old Star, I 11 just jog on to the
Pitchfork I think Dickson will need the old horse to plow with,
and I am anxious to get back to the ranch and pocket some other
stakes that depended on the outcome of this fracas. And by the

906 IMPROVEMENT ERA

way," he added with a wink, "when you come up the river, call
in. Buck's cabin is always open to his friends."

A Sheepherder's Soliloquy

BY LEROY J. ROBERTSON

"Indeed, it has actually happened ; for there on the outside
hangs the fresh lion skin, while down in the gully a bald-mountain
lion startles the little lambs and terrifies their mothers no more.
And who, pray, was the Moses of these wandering, bleating
Israelites? This morning heard somebody say it was I; but to-
night finds the good somebody far away, while the honorable I
is left to converse with a dog.

"Well, Spot, let's be sociable and spend the evening — oh, say,
at tangoing. You see this tent? It is an admirable ball-room.
The candle reflects its walls strikingly — especially the dirt and
grease-goblins ! And the cricket musicians outside are very pro-
ficient indeed. We have everything but the lady, and perhaps —

"What? Stretching and yawning? What is it you are say-
ing— ''ewe' ?

"The very thing; there are hundreds of them out there who
would no doubt be glad of a chance to show off their fancy steps.
My, but you are a wise dog. And then there's that old lion's
mate, Spot. She certainly put in an appearance last night. I
wonder how her lord and master's pelt looked to the blonde?
However, if she wishes to try the new steps, she can for all of
me — I mean with me — after a bullet has made her a third eye
socket !

"By jove, Spot, the gun is down under that red pine ; down
there whe-e we found the young lamb sucked of its blood ! You
know I gave you the rest of the innocent thing for your dinner,
and then walked away, not thinking about the rifle. That was
what made me forget. If you had gone without that one big meal,
perhaps it would have been better for both of us tonight, don't
you think?"

"Poor old Spot, sound asleep. That's what happens to other
mortals on a full stomach. Dreaming, no doubt, of by-gone dog
days!

********

"All still as death. Even the merry tinkles of the little round
sheep bells have been drowned in the quietude of the darkness.
The cricket orchestra has hopped into Nature's covers, and its
chirp is lulled into silence by the soft sailing of clouds. Now a

SNAPPY SKETCHES FROM LIFE. 907

gust of air moans softly, for the pine needles have pricked it ;
again all is restful in the calm bliss of night.

"Old boy, I'm going to bed. Somehow, something keeps
pounding at my heart. Could there be any reason for being
afraid ? Oh, no, I'm not afraid ; but still it feels as if I were. I
haven't got the gun, so there is no need of worrying about acci-
dentally shooting myself; but I wish I did have it, so I could —

just the same. Spot, I'm going to bed."

********

"Awake again. Did I not hear something?

"'Flap! flap!'

"Am I dreaming? Is it the old lion's tail whacking against
the tent ? Listen ! Is something prowling outside ? Spot !

"You growl, old boy ; better get your eyes open.

" 'Flap ! flap ! flap !'— what is that ?

"Oh, if we had our thirty-two here, Spot, we wouldn't be

acting this way tonight. All those shells lving in that box. and

every one useless. Why, they're not all rifle shells ! There is a

box for a revolver— for Tom's automatic. And now I remember,

he left it under the pillow ! Good ! here it is ! The joke, Spot,

will turn I think presently.

*******

"Our visitor must be pretty near. Still, the sheep are all lv-
ing quiet. Perhaps she is down in the oak brush, waiting for a
chance to surprise them and get her thirst quenched before morn-
ing. I know it was she, for no other creature could-—

' 'Flap ! flap ! flap ! O-oo ! o-oo ! o-oo !' *

"The joke's on us, Spot ! Only an owl flying off into the no-
where of darkness!"

Watermelons are getting so plenty around Obar that farmers ; are
feeding them to the hogs. We had several this week.-Obar (New
Mexico) Progress.

The Lady "Well, I'll give you twopence, not because f think you
^^VTra^; ^T^r;:^;^ yermake ft sixpence, an'
thoroughly enjoy yours el {?"-From "The Sketch.

"Moike!"

"What is it, Pat?"

"Shposin' Oi was to have a fitr"

"Yis."

"And vez bad a pint of whiskey?"

"Would vez kneel down and put the bottle to me lips?"

"Oi would not."

"Yez wouldn't?" _ nmcker bv shtandin' up in

"No. Oi could brine: vez to ver tare ouickct
front of vez and dhrinkin' it meself "-London Ttt-btts.

Testimony— The Little White Slaver

BY HEBER J. GRANT

I earnestly hope that the time I may occupy may be for our
mutual benefit. I would not willingly say anything to detract in
the least from the splendid things we have heard, from the start
of this conference until the present time. The Lord has .indeed
been good to us in all of our meetings, and I have rejoiced in hav-
ing representatives shake hands with me and say, "this has been
the best mutual conference that we have ever had." From my
early manhood I have heard this remark made time and time
again with reference to our general conferences, and I am always
grateful, whenever I hear it, because it brings to me the convic-
tion that the inspiration of the Lord has been present at our con-
ferences, and that the word of God, through his servants and
handmaidens, has found an echo in the hearts of those present so
that they have in very deed been fed the bread of life.

While it was a surprise to our dear Aunt Emmeline B. Wells
to speak here tonight, the moment she came into the meeting,
I am sure that more than one of us felt that she was entitled
to say something upon this occasion. As she has told us, there
are few remaining who were personally acquainted with the
Prophet Joseph Smith, and to me there is nothing that I more
appreciate than the testimonies borne by Aunt Em and others
who were acquainted with the Prophet Joseph, who knew him,
listened to his testimony from his own lips, and who did not have
to take it second-handed.

I am grateful for the knowledge that God lives, that Jesus is
the Christ, the Savior of the world, and that Joseph Smith is his
prophet ; and that we possess, in very deed, the plan of life and
salvation. It is always a source of joy and satisfaction, however,
notwithstanding the revelations of the Holy Spirit to me of the
divinity of this work and of the mission of the Prophet, to hear
the testimony of men and women whom I have known all my life
to be honest, pure and upright, bearing testimony of their own
individual acquaintance and knowledge of the life and labors of
the Prophet Joseph.

I cannot remember when I did not know Sister Wells. My
mother was the president of the Thirteenth Ward Relief Soci-

*From the closing- address of President Heber J. Grant, M. I. A.
conference, June 13, 1915.

TESTIMONY— THE LITTLE WHITE SLAVER 909

etv for over thirty years : and Aunt Km was associated with her
as one of the officers of that association until she was promoted to
be one of the general officers. The testimony she has borne to you
tonight, that when Sidney Rigdon was trying1 to be appointed
guardian for the Church, or, to mit it in plain English, trying to
steal the whole Church, that God saw fit to manifest to the people
who was to be the successor of Joseph Smith, by causing Brigham
Young to speak with the voice, power, and inspiration of Joseph,
and to be transformed, in the eves of those who saw him, to look
like the Proohet. I have heard mv own dear mother bear this tes-
timony, time and time again. I have heard it from the lins of men
and women, than whom no more honest, virtuous, uorieht peoole
ever drew the breath of life. While we do not know bv actual
experience that testimonies regarding the divinitv of this work,
have been given to us bv those who were blessed with the
inspiration of Almighty Cod. vet thev are strengthening to our
faith. They cause jov and satisfaction, and are ever sweet to our
ears.

Testimonies like that borne to us here tonight bv Aunt Em
are in verv deed the bread of life to the young Latter-dav Saints,
who have not an absolute knowledge for themselves. ^ To them
testimonies of this kind are calculated to insnire within them a
desire to seek for light, for an individual knowledge, or testimony
for themselves, regarding the divinitv of this great latter-dav
work. And I have no doubt whatever, that all who seek will

find.

So far as the faith of the voung Latter-dav Saints are con-
cerned, it is my belief that, in proportion to the numbers of voung
men and women in the Church who are living up to the three
great principles referred to here todav bv Elder Junius F. Wells:
namely, prayer to God, observance of the Word of Wisdom, and
the studying of the word of God in the holy Scriotures. that there
is more adherence to these doctrines todav among the Latter-day
Saints than there was, pro rata, forty years ago when these asso-
ciations were organized. People not of our faith may believe
that the youth of Zion can be converted from the faith of their
fathers and their mothers, but I exoect them to be disanoomted.
Some of our young people will fall bv the wayside, but in my
heart I have a firmbelief that, as the years roll round, many who
are careless and indifferent todav. who. because of a little learn-
ing secured in colleges and other places, may aoparentlv have
drifted awav, in the providences of the Lord will return to the
fold Why? Because there has been implanted in the hearts ot
the 'young men and the young women of this Church love of
God and 'love of virtue; and with virtue as the foundation upon
which to build, I expect these boys and these girls to come back
to us.

910 IMPROVEMENT ERA

As I listened to the splendid though brief address of Mr.
Dale, today, and heard of the work being- accomplished by
the boy scouts, and of how he said he stood up in his graduation
class and told how he expected to solve the problems of the world,
T naturally reflected that there are many of our young people who
are in that condition. Like him, however, they afterwards learn
that they are to solve problems within themselves, and to discover,
as he had the follies and the failures, and to see things correctly,
within himself. I remember reading of an aged professor say-
ing to his class, "There are none of us perfect, not even the
youngest." I believe that with a firm foundation of virtue, love of
God, and a prayerful desire to do right, such as is implanted in
the hearts of the children of Zion, sooner or later those who may
have drifted away will return ; also that there are today a greater
number, in proportion to the population, who are faithful, diligent,
and are serving God, than there has ever before been in the
Church. As a whole, fewer things that we are commanded
to let alone, are being partaken of by the Latter-dav Saints than
ever before ; and I believe that the time is coming when those who
do not obey, in verv deed, the Word of Wisdom, will not stand as
leaders among this people, local, or in the stakes, or as the
general authorities. So far as I know, all of the general authori-
ties of the Church are observers of the Word of Wisdom.

It is a source of disappointment to me that I have not been
able to announce to the delegates representing the young men,
from all parts of the country where we have organized stakes of
Zion, to call at the Era office at the close of this conference and
accept, with the compliments of the General Board, a copy of a
little pamphlet, which I hold in my hand, entitled, The Case
Against the Little White Slaver. I was authorized to wire Mr.
Henrv Ford for a thousand copies to be given to our delegates,
but the books have not arrived. They may arrive today. If so,
we will be pleased to have delegates call at the Era office tomor-
row, and secure this pamphlet. The book is an attack— I don't
know that I need to use the word "attack" — it is a statement of
facts against the cigarette. The president of the Grpqf \merican
Tobacco Company challenged Mr. Ford for having gotten out
an interview against the cigarette, and he wrote a long letter, a
year ago, demanding that a retraction be made, and the retraction
contains some of the facts that condemn the cigarette from A to Z.
It has a statement and a photograph of the great inventor,
Thomas A. Edison, who announces that he does not emplov any
person who smokes cigarettes. This is a day of efficiency. Manv
of the greatest manufacturing institutions in the United States,
and many of the great railroads will not, under anv circumstance5,
employ a bov or a man who uses cigarettes. Mr. Hill, who stands
at the head of the tobacco trust, says, among other things, that

TESTIMONY— THE LITTLE WHiTE SLAVER 911

one of the reasons why we ought to believe that cigarettes are all
right is that there has been a wonderful increase in the number
made. But that only shows that men are using more of the arti-
cles that are detrimental to their bodily health. He says the in-
crease in cigarette smoking in the United States, in recent years,
is shown by figures. In 1900, two billion six hundred thousand
cigarettes were made in this country; and in 1913, fifteen billion
eight hundred million cigarettes were made, an increase of seven
hundred per cent. So far as we are concerned as Latter-day
Saints, I believe there has been no such increase among us.

Mr. Ford's secretary defends the interview given out by
Henry Ford against the cigarette — because he is the man who
gave it out. I think he has succeeded admirably in defending Mr.
Ford's position. In his reply to Mr. Hill he alludes to the fact
that one of the magistrates in New York, where Mr. Hill resides,
declares that ninety-nine per cent of the boys between the ages of
ten and seventeen years who come before him chargd with crime
have their fingers disfigured by cigarette stain. Mr. Edison, in
his statement, announces that the effect upon the brain is to de-
stroy its activity and power; that there is a poison in the paper
that works against the brain of man.

A gentleman, for thirty years engaged in teaching shorthand,
says: "I have yet to discover among the thousands of young
men whom I have in my classes, a single instance where a young
man who became a slave to the cigarette habit, during my years of
experience, who has been able to develop into more than a third
or fourth rate stenographer. The effects of the cigarette habit ap-
pears to be such that it is utterly impossible for those addicted to
it to become first-class stenographers, although in many cases I
have known such young men to struggle heroically to fit them-
selves to do high grade stenographic work."

Prof. Fred J. Pack, of the University of Utah, has compiled
a great many statistics upon this subject. Of sixty-two colleges
and universities making tests, it is shown that of a total of two
hundred ten men tested for positions on the athletic teams, of the
non-smokers 65.8 per cent were successful; of the smokers, only
33.3 per cent were successful.

Dr. Pack has announced that in the geological journeys he
has taken with the boys over the mountains, no boy who is a ci-
garette smoker ever reached the top of the mountain with the boy
who left this thing alone. On more than one occasion, when the
test was a long and steady effort, it would be the boy who was
addicted to the cigarette habit who failed.

In the Literary Digest of last June, it was said that for ntty
long years in the Harvard University, no man who had used to-
bacco had ever graduated at the head of his class. _

Truly the Lord inspired Joseph Smith, when he said that to-

912 IMPROVEMENT ERA

bacco was not good for man, but was an herb for sick cattle.

The Strength of Being Clean,by David Starr Jordan, is a vin-
dication of the inspiration of the Lord to Joseph Smith, in giving
to the world this revelation called the Word of Wisdom.

Mr. H. Wiley, chief of the Federal Bureau of Chemistry, at
Washington, says :

"I commend Mr. Ford in this thing, and all people who join in the
efforts to curtail or restrict, obliterate or destroy, the pernicious habit
of cigarette smoking. The use of cigarettes is very injurious to the
heart and nerves of all who smoke them, especially boys of tender
years, or women who smoke because they think the practice is smart.
The effect may not be so great upon people of mature years, but in
any cases, no matter how old a man or woman is, smoking cigarettes
is harmful, and strikes a direct blow at the most vital organ of the
body. It weakens the heart's action, the engine of the physical frame
of man. Destroy the engine, and what good is an automobile or any
other piece of machinery? Destroy the heart, and what good is the
balance of the machinery? For this reason, it is difficult for the ci-
garette adict to engage in athletics. He finds he is easily winded,
and is lacking in endurance, and soon loses all ambition to engage
in sports, or, in fact, in any useful occupation, associating with others
of his kind, and soon ends up in the pool room, reform school or pen-
itentiary. It is estimated that 96 per cent of our youthful criminals
are cigarette adicts. The boy with a weakened heart is more apt to
succumb to typhoid fever or other acute disease. The cigarette in-
jures the boy morally. He is almost as difficult to impress as the
cocaine fiend. Mike Donovan, who for thirty years has been the ath-
letic director of the New York Athletic Club, >says: 'Any boy who
smokes can never hope to succeed in any line of endeavor, as smok-
ing weakens the heart and lungs and ruins the stomach, and affects
the entire nervous system. If a boy or young man expects to amount
to anything in athletics, he must let smoking and all kinds of liquor
alone. They are rank poison to his athletic ambition.' "

Mr. Hall, in his letter to Mr. Ford, says :

"There is nothing injurious in the paper with which cigarettes are
made."

Mr. Patterson, of Georgia, replies :

"Several years ago I stepped into a grocery story and asked to
buy a package of cigarette papers such as were given away at that
time with Durham smoking tobacco. I took two small bottles. In
one of these bottles I placed fifteen of these cigarette papers, and in
the other an equal thickness of tissue paper. I found that a few drops
from the bottle containing the cigarette papers would kill a mouse
quicker than you could say Jack Robinson, while a teaspoonful from
the other bottle would simply cause another mouse to fight in self-
defense."

Others have tried the experiment with the same results. Mr.
Mack, a name familiar to all baseball people, says :

"It is my candid opinion that boys of the age of ten to fifteen,
who have contracted the habit of smoking cigarettes, do not as a rule
amount to anything. They are enfeebled in every way for any kind

TESTIMONY— THE LITTLE WHITE SLAVER 913

of work where brains are needed. No boy or man can expect to suc-
ceed in this world to a high position who contracts the use of cigar-
ettes."

Dr. John A. Widtsoe has also shown how the scientific world
has proved the truth of the claim that Joseph Smith was inspired
in his teachings of the Word of Wisdom. I rejoice when I read
books commending and upholding the doctrines of God that have
come to us through his inspired servants.

It has fallen to my lot, although I only ran across this little
pamphlet, The Case Against the Little White Slaver, a few weeks
ago, to distribute three hundred copies of it, and I expect to dis-
tribute more.

The gospel of Jesus Christ brings joy, peace, happiness,
contentment, and an abiding faith that we shall meet our Re-
deemer.

May God help us, as young men and young women, to be
loyal to it, to be true to the faith of our fathers. O how I re-
joice when I hear that beautiful hymn of the pioneers,

"And should we die before our journey's through,
Happy day! all is well!
We then are free from toil and sorrow too;
With the just we shall dwell."

I regret that the people sat down this morning, after singing
three verses of the hymn. I never want to hear that hymn in any
public gathering without that last verse, expressing that sublime
prayer, faith, and integrity that our fathers had, that even if they
died, all was well! May we, the youth of Israel, be worthy of
such fathers and mothers by discarding all evil and by observing
the Word of Wisdom, and all other laws of God, is my prayer,
and I ask it in the name of Jesus. Amen.

The Lesson for the Day

George Ade says that when a certain college president in Indiana,
a clemyman was addressing the students in the chapel at the begin-

b^&lTiZ^y£™tlk tha. trouble ^.--Lipplnc...',.

After the Struggle— What?

When the war is o'er, and Tommy

Returns with glory wrote
On his weather-beaten features

And his stained and faded coat,
Will we hail him as a hero?

Tell how gallantly he fought?
Consider, please, one moment —

After the struggle — What?

Perhaps we'll have a banquet,

And speeches, songs and cheers;
Perhaps we'll grasp his brawny hand,

And share his good wife's tears;
But when the glamor's oyer,

And Tommy calls for aid,
Will we throw him out the life-line,

The help for which he prayed?

If he wears his ragged khaki,

And hobbles on a crutch,
Will we meet him as a brother,

And welcome him as such?
Or should he ask for pennies,

Will we pass him proudly by,
With eyes too hard for pity,

With ears that quench his cry?

Or, if he's lost his sturdy arm

In Freedom's holy cause,
Will we put him on the pay-roll?

Or scratch our heads and pause? —
Then say: "My man, I'm really sorry,

I really pity you;
But we have no place for cripples,

And — well — your story isn't new."

And will we turn and grimly smile

And gloat o'er fortune sweet,
While he, forlorn and helpless, turns

Into the cold, cold street?
When the struggle's o'er will we deck him

With bars and medals bright?
Will we write his name on the Honor Roll

And sing of his gallant fight?

Fool World! What use are medals

To victims of hellish lead?
Fine words and martial music
Make mighty sodden bread.
When the war is o'er, and Tommy

Returns to a bitter lot,
As Christians, answer this question:

After the struggle — What?

Frank C. Steele

RAYMOND, ALTA., CANADA

The Galician Retreat— Greece and the War

BY DR. JOSEPH M. TANNER

The Great Military Drive

The greatest operation or drive in war that the world has
ever witnessed has recently been enacted in one of the provinces
of Austria known as Galicia. The combined armies of the Ger-
mans and Austrians in a struggle fierce beyond all description
drove the Russians step by step out of this Polish province and
undid the work of the Russian army so brilliantly accomplished
over a period of more than six months. What is the meaning of
this drive?

First, it demonstrates the overwhelming superiority of the
German munitions of war.

Second, That armies cannot fight as they have formerly done
to any advantage, at great distances from the base of their sup-
plies ; that a compact army in a compact country is the army most
likely to win out.

Third, that the Austrians themselves are no match, single-
handed, for the Russians.

No country in the present war has such numerous difhc-": ■"
to overcome as Russia, from the fact that the base of Russian sup-
plies is so far from the recent scenes of her engagements. Russia
needs more ammunition and better artillery. All that will come
to her. If the drive is continued until Russia is forced back more
into the interior of her country, she may be in a position that will
make it impossible even for the allied armies of Germany and
Austria to withstand her. In the present war, the most interest-
ing thing is to be found in the fact that it is the unexpected that
we may always be looking for. Think of it — the modern rifle
put out of date by the Maxim gun that can send a hundred
messengers of death while the most up-to-date rifle is sending out
a single bullet. These new rapid-fire guns are reduced in size
and weight to meet the needs of infantry on their march, as they
are said to be little heavier than the modern rifle. If the rifle
must go, with it must go a large part of infantry tactics, and the
nations are now awaiting a new era in the military powers of the
world. The present tactics of the great war are transforming the

916 IMPROVEMENT ERA

old methods of fighting into something entirely new, something
that military men hardly dreamed of.

The Greeks and the War

The recent course of diplomacy in Greece has been one of
the most readable chapters in the stirring events of Europe. The
question is often asked, Will Greece enter the war? The
decision of that country, in the matter of casting its lot with the
warring factions of Europe, has really rested with one of the most
remarkable women in Europe — Queen Sophia, sister of the Ger-
man emperor, and the granddaughter of Queen Victoria. She
has succeeded in staying the hand of Venezelos, the most dis-
tinguished statesman of Greece today, a statesman who stands
well in comparison with the great men of that continent. She is
the wife of King Constantine, whose father's tragic death at
Salonika put him on the throne. He had never been popular in
Greece, and at one time was banished. He was without any fi-
nancial support, and was on the eve of joining the Russian army
when Venezelos, the great Greek patriot, recalled him to Greece
and re-established him in his rights to the throne, and his place in
the Greek army. During the recent Balkan war, the prince distin-
guished himself for gallantry, and the willingness of the Greek
people to reconcile themselves to his rule has made his life and
that of his wife more agreeable to them at Athens. During the
hours of his misfortune there was a separation between him and
Sophia, and she seems, in her marriage to him, to have had more
consideration for the exalted rank he occupied than for the com-
panionship of a man who in most things, if not all, was her
inferior.

When the recent European war broke out, the majority of
the Greeks were in favor of the Allies. Venezelos planned to put
an army in the field at the time that the siege of the Dardanelles
began. For the declaration of war, it was necessary for King
Constantine to sign the order. His hand, however, was staved,
notwithstanding the clamor in Athens for it. Behind him there
was a restraining influence which he could not brook — the influ-
ence of a strong-minded, dominating personality — Queen Sophia.
She was always ready to take issue not only on great questions,
but with great personages. She quarreled with her brother, the
emperor, and for years they were not on speaking terms. She
was the controlling factor in the social life of the ruling dynasty
at Athens. One need not wonder at the remarkable persistency
and ability of that woman when it is recalled that she is the
daughter of the empress dowager of Germany, and the grand-
daughter of one of the most remarkable women of England,
Queen Victoria. Her mother, in the days of Bismarck, when his

THE GREEKS AND THE WAR

917

star was in the ascendency, was often said to be his greatest rival
in the exercise of the diplomatic functions belonging to the Ger-
man empire.

Recently, conditions have changed in Greece. Venezelos ap-
pealed to the people in an election to contest the wish of the elec-
torate as to whether Greece should go to war. The great premier
was successful. That has put the queen beneath the shadow of
pronounced public expression. At the same time, the announce-
ment comes to us that the king has just undergone an operation
that endangers his life. Chances of recovery are against him, and
even should he recover, it is said that he will not be in a condition
to reassume the duties and responsibilities of a king, that it will
be necessary to appoint his son George, regent, at Athens. George
was trained in the military regime of Potsdam. He belonged to
the youthful military aristocracy of Berlin. In spite of this fact,
he is not friendly to his uncle, the emperor. He is pro-Russian
and pro-English in his views, as well as in his diplomacy. He is,
therefore, in direct antagonism with his mother, and these two
strong characters are now in hostile attitude toward each other.
With them, the king of Greece does not count. The king is dom-
inated by his wife, and opposed by his son. In the midst of all
this domestic contention and rivalry, no wonder the world is curi-
ous about Greece.

CUFF DWELLINGS IN RUINS

Would Prohibition be a Financial Loss
or Gain?

BY GEORGE GARDNER

The only argument that has been given against prohibition
is a financial one, and that has been considered from the stand-
point of the liquor interests.

Liquor causes crime that costs the United States $300,000,000
annually; and we pay for it with our taxes each year, to say
nothing of the annoyance this crime has been to society. It has
thrown upon us more than two million paupers that we have to
feed, clothe and warm. Ellwood, in his Sociology and Modem
Social Problems, estimates the annual cost of crime in the United
States to be $600,000,000. He estimates that intemperance fig-
ures as the cause in about fifty per cent of the cases. Other inves-
tigations have found intemperance to be the cause of eighty per
cent of the crime. The work of this committee, however, did not
seem to be so complete as the work Ellwood based his conclusions
upon. And still, other committees have placed the estimate a lit-
tle lower than Ellwood.

But as the data was gathered in 1900, and the cost of crime
has been increasing, the cost due to drink would be over $300,-
000,000 rather than under. Ellwood also estimates that we have
ten million paupers in the United States, and gives intemperance
as the cause of twenty-five per cent* of the poverty. He also
cites the report of the Massachusetts Bureau of Labor, which
gives thirty-nine per cent as the cause ; and another report of a
committee of fifty that found intemperance to be directly, and in-
directly the cause of forty-one per cent of pauperism. Two mil-
lion would be a very conservative estimate of the people we care
for, because of liquor.

There is also a great economic loss owing to the inefficiency
of workmen due to drink. This fact is not disputed, and the em-
ployer is quite willing to advance a temperate man faster than he
is one who drinks.

The cost of liquor for the United States, in 1914, was $1,127,-
734,395. f This is an enormous amount of money. It is more

*Warner, in his "American Charities," gives the same estimate.
f'The World Encyclopedia and Almanac," by the Press Pub. Co-
lor 1915, page 250.

WOULD PROHIBITION BE FINANCIAL LOSS OR GAIN? 919

than the value of the wheat* crop for that year, and more than
the value of the cotton. - What a quantity of flour that money
would have bought ! If put in fifty-pound sacks and twelve of
them placed side by side, that wide string of sacks would reach
round the great earth. That flour would bread the nation and
give each of our ninety-eight million people four hundred forty-
six loaves.

Our seven great western mining states, Utah, Montana, Ari-
zona, Nevada, California, Colorado, and Idaho, produce gold, sil-
ver, copper, lead and zinc ; each one of these minerals run into
the millions of dollars each year. At Bingham alone there is a
great mountain of copper. Steam shovels took enough from this
mountain, in 1913, to load four wagons side by side and make
a string of wagons reaching from New York to San Francisco.
But all of this copper, together with the lead, gold, zinc, and
silver, would not pay for the cost of liquor used in that year. Nor
would all of the mineral products of the United States, though
they reached $882,980,1 56. f

We are now celebrating the completion of the Panama canal
It is considered the greatest job in the world, and has required
years of labor, $375,000,000 in gold, and some of the best though^
of the American people. In one year the liquor cost of the United
States was three times the cost of the greatest job in the world.

Surely this vast amount of money can be put in more pro-
ductive fields than to produce two million paupers. Surely there
can be better returns for that money than a criminal class, that
causes us to pay $300,000,000 for partial safety. Surely there are
other markets for the grains used in making whisky, when it is
becoming so scarce that many countries are forbidding its being
fed to stock. Surely there are other fields for investment when
thirty-eight million acres of the finest wheat land. in the world,
almost equal to the present wheat acreage of the United States,
lies within a radius of three hundred miles of Salt Lake; lying-
idle, waiting for development.

LOGAN, UTAH

*"WorId Encyclopedia and Almanac," 1915, somewhat preliminary
as the quantity or price of wheat can not be accurately given at this
date. The price Las varied unusually. ■ . .

fFrom a statement prepared by the United States Geological
Survey.

What Boy Scouts Must Know and Be*

BY LUDVIG DALE, NATIONAL COMMISSIONER OF THE BOY SCOUTS OF

AMERICA

Ladies and Gentlemen : I stood one morning, not very
long ago, watching some common, ordinary logs floating down a
river. I could not help but think how much like the life of those
logs is your life and mine. The tree is small ; it grows up, is soon
found big enough, is cut down. It goes into the river, goes to
the sawmill ; there they make the most of the timber. They put
the timber away to be seasoned ; then it goes out to build a house.
I have said to boys, time, time and again, it is very much with you
as with the log. Boys, now you are growing, growing, and some
day you will have to go into the river of life, and there you, like
the logs, will have to be in the big jamb occasionally, playing foot-
ball, base ball, the game of business, and it takes mother, teacher,
friend, God, to straighten you out. And then you go to the saw
mill, to a school, if you please, and there the teachers try to make
the most of the log. I have also told these boys, boys that have
knots, that the more knots there are in the timber, the better it is
for kindling wood. Do you know you have to cut out the knots,
and do you also know, boys, that some day, when you are through
with the mill, or school, you are going out as green timber.

How well I can remember the day I stood on a platform as
the valedictorian of a high school, and I told the waiting world
how it should be run ; and I meant it, too. I had not only dis-
covered what was wrong with the world ; I had already found the
remedy. I discovered, however, in a short time, that the world
was not particularly concerned about either me or my remedy, or
what was wrong with it. I asked the world, what in the world
was wrong any way. I got no reply, and then I asked mvself.
what is wrong with me? and I found lots of replies. You see T
was green timber. I had to be seasoned, by knocks, by disap-
poointments, by disillusions, and then I could go out and help to
build the structure we call society. The scout is nothing more
and nothing less than the timber to help the boys make the mo^
of the logs, the timber to help them to see the knots there are
in their disposition, of disloyalty, of disobedience, of "I <*~ -
care." If they don't cut out those knots, they cannot hooe tn
build the right kind of a structure that the world is looking for.
What must the boy scout know and be? Here are ^— '

*A talk in the Salt Lake Tabernacle, on Sunday, 2 p. m., June 13,
1915, at the M. I. A. Conference.

WHAT BOY SCOUTS MUST KNOW 921

the requirements for a first-class scout. First, you know the boy
may become a scout when he is between twelve and eighteen. He
must be able to swim fifty yards, take a "hike" of fourteen miles
alone, describe what he saw on the way, make a map of the trip.
He must know the stars, the trees, the animals of his neighbor-
hood, the city or district in which he lives. He must know how
to signal, using the semiphore code or the Morse telegraphic corle.
He must know what to do in cases of emergency. If a person is
taken out of the water, and is apparently drowned, he must know
what to do, and how it should be done. Last year, one hundred
sixty-six lives in this country were saved by boy scouts who did
not lose their heads, but lived up to their boy scout training, "be
prepared." They must teach each another boy to become a scout.
They must have two dollars in the savings bank. Thev must
show the credit, and how they earned the money, the idea being to
teach them the difference between what they are getting and whit
they are keeping.

The boy scout must prove that he has lived up to the scout
law, which is :

"To be trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind,
obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean and reverent."

And, ladies and gentlemen, I have stood before a quarter of
a million of boys in this world, all through Norway, Sweden,
Russia, Finland, everywhere in this country; and you know thev
have the same pledge, the same promise ; and they take it up. and
I will ask you to say if it is not a fine thing for your boy and for
my bov, and for the boys of the citizens of this great republic :
"On my honor, I will do mv best :
"1. To do my duty to God and my country, and to obey the

scout law;

"2 To help other people at all times ;

"3. To keen myself physically strong, mentally awake, and
morally straight." rp1

You say, a mighty fine program. Do the boys like it? There
are 3S0 000 of them in this country, three million in twentv-sev-i
countries. There are boy scouts in every city and village in . »
country, and it has all been done in five years The bovs want ,1.
They meet on Friday evenings usually in what is called a trow
meetitng, in charge of the scout master. There are twenty-four
to thirty bovs under his charge^ He must be a man ofaW
interested in bovs, proven to be a clean, good man, and that £e
knows how to deal with bovs. Thev learn various thine fV
Saturdays thev take their hikes out in the coun ry and I study m
the open, and they meet together once in a while m kindly com

^Now mind you, scouting is different from athletics , Tt is no-
ten thousand people looking at a few in the arena. There is one

922 IMPROVEMENT ERA

standard. It is every healthful, normal boy living up to that one
standard. It is not a question of one fellow beating the other
fellow, and that he is not as efficient as you are. It is your duty
to your brother scout to say, "Come along, and I will show you."

Do you know that over here in the city of Philadelphia, the
boy has only to show his badge as a first-class scout, and he is
admitted in all civic lines. And then they become civic scouts.
Do you know that in Michigan, last year, the boy scouts put out
four hundred forty-seven forest fires, saving nearly a million and
a half dollars worth of property? Then the humanitarian sid^ •
Only a short time ago, a newspaper in Kansas City said : "Will
some one come forward and offer some skin to save a poor littl"
colored lass who has been burned nearly to death ?" The firc^
morning, a troup of boys was on hand, and not one of them would
give his name to the newspapers. Do you know that in Kansas
City four thousand homes were inspected to find out whether thev
had all complied with the board of health reouirements, and in an-
other place fortv-seven boys were inspected, and they answered.
"Why, if you will give us permission, we will clean up your homes
for you. We would like to see them clean."

Can you see what there will be when these boys shall have
become citizens? Men who will be humane, interested, efficient,
willing and able to help the brother across the way. I stood on^
evening in the citv of Stockholm, Sweden, before a gathering al-
most as large as this. There were one thousand boy scouts there,
and I heard a talk by a little bov fifteen years of age. While I
saw the American flag unfurled from the ceiling, and I exulted in
that star-spangled banner, that boy was saving, "Let us forget
that we are Swedes, let us know only that we are bov scouts; all
praying to live the best kind of lives, for our God, for our coun-
try, and for our fellows."

And now I am going to ask you what would have hapoened,
if fifty years ago there had been boy scouts? I could see F^*1"-1?
boy scouts, and English boy scouts sending a message to their
brother boy scouts in Germanv ; how we regret that you, broth^
bov scouts, should be at enmity, because we have learned to be
imbued with sentiments of patriotism and good feeling, and we
hope that the war will soon be over, never again to come, because
of the boy scouts. These are the kind of principles the boy
scouts are learning.

The boy scout is simplv an attempt to translate the desires
and the ideals and the ambitions of the average, normal bov into
controlled action, to show him what to do. and keep him so busv
that he hasn't the time to "don't." There is the only scheme tW
will help the boys. It will mean not only clean minds, cle--
hearts, efficient hands; it will mean a better city, a better st-t-.
and a better nation.

Editors' Table

About Our Conference

The Era devotes considerable space in this number to the
Annual M. I. A. Conference. Attention is called to the winning
public speeches published in this number, together with the pro-
ceedings of the conference of Friday, containing the principal bus-
iness, particularly an account of the literary and musical activities,
joint work of the associations, and the closing speech by Presi-
dent Grant.

Officers will do well to scan carefully the instructions relat-
ing to contest work for the coming season. In numbers to follow,
vital instructions on the spirit of the Gospel in M. I. A. work,
the faith of the youth of the Latter-day Saints, given at separate
meetings on Saturday, and in the general meetings of Sunday,
will be published. The conference was among the best ever
held by the M. I. A. An interesting feature was the presence
of National Scout Comissioner Ludvig S. Dale, who spoke on
three or four occasions to Scout officials, to officers of the M. I.
A., and to the general public.

Demonstrations of "Home Evening" and the ward dance by
the Social Committee was a very pleasant and instructive feature.
A special meeting of superintendents, while not as well attended
as it should have been, was one of the important features of the
conference. A number of leading speakers gave valuable instruc-
tions to the officers.

President Grant's remarks, on Sunday evening, printed in
this number, call attention to the faith and testimony of the
young people, the evils of tobacco, and the distribution of a thou-
sand copies of the Little White Slaver, an anti-cigarette pamphlet
published by Mr. Ford, which the General Board has authorized
distributed free.

There are several features of the annual report of the Gen-
eral Secretary which are of special value to officers and workers.
The increase in membership is commendable, and yet, a number
of the stakes are very slow to respond to the request of the Gen-
eral Board for a 12 per cent enrollment in the organizations. This
should become a slogan for active and persistent work for stakes
that are behind the general average, for the coming season. If
there were to be active effort in all the stakes in the matter of mem-
bership for 1916, there should be at least an increase of ten thou-
sand, making fifty thousand young men as active workers in our

924 IMPROVEMENT ERA

organizations. More attention should be paid to the requirements
in the courses of the junior classes, and to the reading course
books.

Stake officers will notice that while $22,143 were collected
for local expenditures in the associations, only $3,463 were con-
tributed to the general fund for the expenses of the General
Board, which was nearly $2,000 less than the actual expenses of
the Board this year. We trust that the new method of collecting
the Fund, as suggested in the new edition of the Hand Book,
pages 111 and 112, and presented at the conference, will enable
the officers to contribute their full quota for the year 1916, at
the opening of the season, so that the Board may continue the
splendid work of the Field Secretary and the Scout Commissioner.

The general statistical report of the Young Men's Mutual
Improvement Associations, prepared from stake reports by Sec-
retary Moroni Snow, for the year ending April 30, 1915, shows
a commendable increase in nearly every department of the associ-
ation, including membership. It appears from the report that
there were 704 associations, with 611 having senior and junior
classes. The permanent enrollment is 40,090, which is the highest
in the history of the organization, and an increase of 5,686 over
1914. There are 19,574 active senior, and 12,422 junior members
enrolled, an increase of 2,588 senior, 1,681 junior, or a total of
4,269. There were 998 members away from home attending
school, and 784 on missions, which latter is a decrease of 150 as
compared with 1914; this is doubtless owing to the Great War.
The average attendance in the associations was 18,082, an in-
crease of 2,210.

A larger number of meetings than heretofore were held.
These included officers' and regular weekly, joint officers', and
monthly meetings, conferences and conventions, making a total of
30,290, an increase of 3,258.

In special activities the report shows that there were 1,241
public lectures, 219 public debates, 585 public contests, 256 public
concerts, 639 dramatic entertainments, and 683 athletic meets,
with 285 scout contests and demonstrations, making a grand total
of special activities and meets of 3,908, an increase of 341. There
were 461 scout patrols, as against 277 for last year. There was a
slight decrease in the number of public contests, and in athletic
meets, otherwise in all these special activities there was an in-
crease, and it is estimated that at least 15,000 people took part in
the various activities, aside from the scout work.

The division of class work and reading course shows that
there were in the junior classes 1,391 who passed the first year's
course, and 1,200 who passed the second year's course. There
were 2,017 reading course books in the libraries, and a total of

EDITORS' TABLE 925

9,733 books; 2,042 members read one or more of the reading
course books.

In the financial department $22,143.49 were collected, and
$18,457.25 disbursed, leaving a balance on hand in the local asso-
ciations of $3,686.24. This did not include the General Fund,
but was the amount collected and disbursed in the local associa-
tions. Only $3,463.79 was collected on the General Fund, a de-
crease of $311.14 over 1914, and $1,940.00 less than the actual
expense of the General Board.

Six stakes, Beaver, Duchesne, Panguitch, San Juan, Summit
and Union, failed to report for the year, and the totals of the year
previous, except in finances, were used in the compilation of the
figures given above. There were seventeen stakes that obtained
5 per cent or more of the Church population as subscribers for the
Improvement Era, and ten stakes that obtained more than 4
per cent.

Cassia, Fremont, Pioneer, Uintah and Woodruff forwarded
to the General Secretary 100 per cent of the General Fund. Sev-
enteen stakes have more than 12 per cent (the mark set by the
Gneral Board for all the stakes) of their entire population en-
rolled in the Mutual Improvement Associations. The highest ac-
tive enrollment was in Alberta stake, with 16.8 per cent, fol-
lowed by Bear River, with 16.7 per cent, and Young with 16.6.
The lowest stake was Panguitch, with an enrollment of 3.9 per
cent, followed by Beaver, with 4.3 per cent, Weber 5.6, Ogden
5.7, St. Joseph 6.3, Parowan 6.4, Salt Lake 6.5, and South San-
pete 6.9. Eighteen stakes have 12 per cent enrollment and over;
and fifteen have between 10 and 11 per cent enrollment. The
Church average is 8.4 per cent.

On the whole, Mutual work is onward and upward. With
the young ladies, who are increasing in numbers and good works
even more rapidly than the young men, we shall soon have an
army of one hundred thousand young men and women full ot
the spirit of the gospel, true to the faith, ready to render service
unto the spiritual, intellectual and temporal salvation of the
youth of Zion.

A Tribute to Utah.

The Liberty Bell was exhibited in Salt Lake City during four
hours on Sunday, July 11, 1915. It is estimated that 100,000 peo-
ple in Salt Lake City alone paid homage to the famous revolu-
tionary relic. The morning hour after its arrival at eleven o clock
was devoted to the children, many thousands of whom marched
bv the Bell taking a glance at the historic relic. The Sunday
Schools were adjourned to give the children the opportunity.

926 IMPROVEMENT ERA

The streets were gaily decorated for this patriotic occasion, and
there was a great parade. It was said by the Philadelphia com-
mittee, who had the Bell in charge, that no such reception, so far
on the way to San Francisco, had been given to them and the
Bell since they left Philadelphia. The local committee in charge
had everything well in hand, and among the items of entertain-
ment was an organ recital in the Tabernacle, especially permit-
ted by the Presidency of the Church.

In Ogden, also, and in other Utah cities, the Bell and its ac-
companying contingent were given an ovation. On its way north
a member of the Philadelphia Councilmanic committee said to
D. S. Spencer, Assistant General Passenger Agent of the Oregon
Short Line, according to a news report :

"The farther west we come with the historic bell, the more
patriotism and more enthusiasm we find. Today's reception in
Utah surpassed any ever accorded the relic. It was a tribute such
as was never expected by us. We never will forget what Utah
did** Somewhere I have seen a picture of 'Utah's best crop.' I
saw the crop itself today, 30,000 strong in one city, Salt Lake ; I
believe I have seen 100,000 children in Utah today. Utah ought
to be proud of its children ; they are among the brightest looking
children I have ever seen."

To another member of the Utah party the Philadelphia coun-
cilman said:

"Philadelphia is known as the 'City of Brotherly Love.' After
seeing the children of Utah today, I would like to change the
motto of Utah, whatever it may be, to 'The State of Motherly and
Fatherly Love.' "

A Simple Story, With Two Great Lessons

Alice Moran, of Oxford, Idaho, writes the Era of an early
experience in England, which taught her two important lessons :
"Years ago, when I was a girl living in England, I passed a pic-
ture shop. Something attracted my attention and caused me to
stop and look in the window. It was a picture. On it was a long
row of houses. It had been snowing very hard, and snow was
thick upon the ground. Before each door of the houses was a
little boy or a girl with a broom trying to brush the snow each
from his own doorstep. Oh, how happy they looked, all laughing
and' trying to work so hard ! I have often thought of the words
that were under the picture : 'If each before his own door swept,
the village would be clean.'

"And while I have thought of those words, they have often
taught and shown me a lesson, too. I have frequently said to
myself : 'Yes ; if I would only look at all my own faults and fail-

EDITORS' TABLE 927

ings, and not be so keen and sharp to examine my neighbors',
what a better woman I would be ; and if all did so, how much
more would we love one another !'

"As I have thought of that picture, I have also drawn an-
other lesson from it : What better men and women we would be,
if we would only try with the help and strength of our Father in
heaven, to love each other more, and try to work for him."

Why not Saloon-Keepers' Liability?

The Times-Review of North Chicago, 111., has the story in a
nutshell :

Anthony Moran, who lived near here and who had beaten his wife
at their home outside the city limits of North Chicago on Twenty-sec-
ond Street, on a Friday night in February, was arrested, indicted by
the grand jury, tried, and convicted of assault with intent to kill, al-
though he sticks to the statement that he "did not know what he was
doing." He was sentenced to the penitentiary for fourteen years.

The month before, Mrs. Moran had written a pathetic letter
to her husband's employer. Anthony was spending his money on
drink when the family had to have coal and food. The company
tried to get the saloons to stop his liquor, and, failing, held his
wages for her. Then the husband beat her up. Why isn't the
saloon liable for this? Here's a woman half killed, a family
broken up, a man in jail for fourteen years, and all for a little
money in the till, another remittance to the distiller. How long
must the rest of us pay the damages for this dirty business? —
Collier's Weekly.

Messages from the Missions

CONDITIONS IN HOLLAND

Elder Walter B. Hanks, Leeuwarden, Holland: "On the 9th of
May we held a conference here and were blessed greatly with the
Spirit of the Lord. Every speaker was led by the Spirit and spoke
with power. The attendance, owing to conditions, was not as large
as it might have been. There is much prejudice, and we cannot get
the people out to hear us so that this prejudice may be broken. The
conditions here, owing to the European war, are something awful.
In a great many places the food supply is short, the spring is very
backward, and many are dying from the want of food and clothing and
protection from the weather, as it is very cold at this time of the year.
There seems to be no letting up in the shedding of blood; men seem

928

IMPROVEMENT ERA

to be wild as it were and wish to destroy all mankind. O, if the
people would only listen to our message of peace and accept the same
we might all live in peace, for the gospel means peace. May God
soften the hearts of the nations, that they may cease from their wick-
edness and accept the gospel of Christ. I wish that every person in
the world could hear my testimony. It has become so strong that
I feel that I could give my life for its establishment."

SALE FOR THE NEEDY POOR

R. H. Toolson and R. B. Dunford of the Rochdale branch of the
Manchester conference call attention to a sale of work recently held
for the purpose of gathering into the storehouse means to assist the
needy poor. "To President E. P. Dalton and her corps of faithful and
energetic workers is due the unique success of the endeavor. The
sale continued for three days — 18th, 19th and 20th of March and was
opened by Sister Ida B. Smith who is the president of the Relief
Societies of the European mission. During the three days' sale a
large variety of articles were disposed of which brought in a good sum.
The purpose of the Relief Society was explained. A lunch room was

also provided where delicacies were served and a concert room where
entertainment was provided. President White of the Manchester
conference and Elders Samuel Nichols and Oscar J. Bennion acted as
chairmen. The people are: Standing, R. H. Toolson, Alice Marcroft,
Thomas Pullen, Annie Dalton, Lillie Jones, R. B. Dunford, Chrissie
Barnes, Jennie Hotte; seated: C. A. White, Nellie Pannall, E. P.
Dalton, Ida B. Smith, James Davis, Doris Marcroft."

THE CITY IN DARKNESS

Elder Clarence E. Bramwell, Gateshead, England, June 8: "Our
efforts to further the cause of truth are quite successful here, though
the war conditions are rather serious. We are allaying prejudice and

EDITORS' TABLE

929

adding many valuable friends, who treat us royally. Some converts
are made. We often bring on pleasant conversations through con-
sideration of present conditions. The 'Mormon' missionaries who last
tried to set forth the gospel in Newcastle were mobbed and ill-treated,
and some told us that if we attempted to hold meetings here we also
would receive bad treatment. We held a very successful meeting, how-
ever, on April 25, in the Big Market, in the central part of town.A large
crowd gathered and listened attentively. Several men came up at the
close of the meeting who desired to hear us explain our doctrine
further. We talked with them until about eleven o'clock, and then gave
them our address and asked them to call on us. Since that time we
have held several open air meetings, at the same place, with good
success. Owing to the fact that the great Ellswick, Armstrong &
Whitworth works, where battleships, firearms, and ammunition are
manufactured, are located here, we are in darkness. The windows of
the dwelling houses even have to be dark. This is done for fear of
German air raids. In consequence of the air raid on April 21, thou-
sands of men in the above mentioned works stood for four house in
darkness, as it was believed that the enemy's aircraft was headed for
these works, but the pilot lost his way, owing to the city being in
complete darkness. We are handicapped on account of the shortage
of missionaries, but considering our numbers we have favorable re-
sults. Elders laboring here are: John M. Rothlisberger, Eagar, Ariz.;
Willis J. Thomas, Blackfoot, Idaho; Clarence E. Bramwell, Ogden,
Utah."

CONDITIONS IN ENGLAND

"Inasmuch as many of the readers of the Era are relatives and
friend? of the elders in this conference, I thought this would be of
interest for a small space in your magazine. The elders from left to

ELDERS LABORING IN THE LONDON CONFERENCE

riffht back row are: I. S. Campbell, M. W. Hendricks, H. S. Pyne,
Jrg, L. B ? Merrill! F. S. Lyman, R. V. Barnes, J. P. Egan, L. Eagar,

930

IMPROVEMENT ERA

L. L. Jackson Middle row, C. F. Powell, L. A. Southwick, J. A.
Maynes, conference president; Selina J. Maynes, E. M. Greenwood,
R. H. Jones. Bottom row, J. V. Olsen, C. D. Hemsley, Dorothy
Maynes, R. P. Stratford and H. J. Layton.

"Allow me, as a representative of this conference, to congratulate
the staff upon the splendid May number of the Era. It gets better
each time, and as one of the brethren expressed it, 'It always fills
the bill.' One article of special note, is that of 'Successful Presiding'
and has done an untold amount of good among the Saints. Three
special cases that I know of individuals giving up tea drinking because
of that wonderful illustration and lesson found in same. It did for
some of them what our sermons have failed to do for months and
years. We as elders are proud to circulate this publication among
the people. Our work goes on nicely, with but few hitches on ac-
count of the war. England has declined in many ways since the out-
break of war, yet there are many golden opportunities for the willing
servant of God to establish truth in the hearts of the humble in
spirit. One only need reflect a moment to call to mind many proph-
ecies that were uttered hundreds of years ago, and open his
eyes to find them being fulfilled on all sides. We, therefore, realize
to a certain extent the importance of our mission and the need of
striving daily to bear testimony unto all whom we come in contact,
pleading earnestly and manfully to establish in their hearts that which
we are so proud of, 'Mormonism.' May the Lord bless you and your
co-workers in your untiring efforts of righteousness." — Laurence A.
Southwick.

new faculty home

Walter T. Patrick, L. D. S. Maori Agricultural College, Hastings,
New Zealand, writes that during the past summer Elders Hintze,

Smith, Fairbourne, Wilkinson and Patrick were engaged with a num-
ber of other elders in building a new faculty home at the L. D. S.
Maori Agricultural College. The group shows the largest number of
elders from Salt Lake City that have ever assembled in the New

EDITORS' TABLE

931

Zealand mission at one time. These elders are doing splendid work
and their faithful labors are doing much to build up this mission.
Top row, left to right: Walter T. Patrick, George Ford Fairbourne,
C. Tregeagle, C. A. Hancock; second row: Walter Smith, Sister and
A. R. W. Hintze and daughter, Douglas Romney; front row: Arthur
Wilkinson, Mathew Cowley.

ELDERS OF THE MICHIGAN CONFERENCE

Back row, left to right: D. M. Marble, Deweyville, Utah; C. A.
Jensen, Cardston, Canada; Forris A. Weeks, Vernal, Utah; Archie Q.
Hale, Oakley, Idaho; Erwin D. Bailey, Salt Lake City; W. G. McMul-
lin, Leeds; Wayne M. Atwood, Salt Lake City, Utah; middle row:
Sister Alice J. Laws, Tremonton; Evan L. Aiken, Spring City, Utah;

Edward Brown, Globe, Arizona; Sister Ellsworth, President German
E. Ellsworth; Guy B. Rose, conference -resident, Logan, Utah; Sister
Elizabeth Berg, Davenport, Iowa; front row: F. G. Slough, Vernal;
P. L. Cloward, Salem, Utah; George W. Hox, Chicago, 111.; J. Leonard
Love and George L. Woodbury, Salt Lake City, Utah.

RAIN, WIND AND EARTHQUAKE

Elder John A. Nelson, Jr., president of the Samoan mission,
writes under date of May 6: "The prospects were never more bright
for the growth of the Lord's work in the Samoan mission. Although
rain, wind and earthquake have caused the lose of life and much
property during the last few months, we must acknowledge the hand
of the Lord in it all. The island of Manu'a was entirely laid desolate
during the first part of January. The enclosed letter from the gover-
nor of American Samoa refers to this calamity. It will be remembered
that the people of Manu'a have been very much adverse to the teach-

932

IMPROVEMENT ERA

ings of the Latter-day Saint missionaries having driven them from the
island time and time again. They made a covenant with their dying
king, many years ago, that no more than one church would ever be
'permitted on the island. A few honest souls, however, have desired
to join the true Church of Christ but have refrained because of this
oath. It is suggested now that most of the people come to this island,
Tutuila, to avoid starvation. If such be the case the oath undoubtedly
will be broken and the people will be free to choose aright." The
governor's letter follows:

"Office of the Governor, American Samoa,

"Pago Pago, May 10th, 1915.
"My Dear Mr. Titzenor : — The Princeton returned from Manu'a
Friday night with the report that conditions in Manu'a are very dis-
couraging. Worms have completely destroyed the new taro planted
on which we counted to restore the people of Manu'a to a self-sup-
porting basis. As over one-third of the money that the government

Elders left to right: John A. Nelson, President of the Samoan
Mission, Cardston, Canada; Joseph V. Nelson, Conference clerk, Salt
Lake City, Utah; Clarence J. Sharp, Preston, Idaho; Joseph A. Ran-
som, Cleveland, Idaho; Clyde M. Ferrin, Salt Lake City, Utah; Tan-
ner L. Brown, Cardston, Canada; and J. Garfield Bastow, President
of the Savaii Conference, Logan, Utah.

gave me for the relief of the people of Manu'a has been expended
during the four months we have been feeding them, I am confronted
with a serious problem.

"Even if the new taro crop, which is being planted, should mature
without further trouble with the worms, I will not be able to care for

EDITORS' TABLE

933

them during the time necessary for the maturity of this crop. It has
been suggested to me that a large portion of the people of Manu'a
be brought to this island, and leave in Manu'a only enough people to
clear the grounds, plant and take care of the new taro crop.

"If this plan is adopted, I will be glad to have your co-operation
and assistance in taking care of the people of Manu'a whom it may be
necessary to bring here.

"Very sincerely yours,

"J. M. POYER,

"Governor.
"Elder-in-Charge, L. D. S. Mission, Pago Pago."

ELDERS OF THE TUTUILA CONFERENCE

Right to left, standing: Mission President J. A. Nelson; Warren
L. Smith, Canada; Grover Peterson, Lyman, Idaho; Conference Pres-
ident, F. E. Titensor, Cove; Horace B. Brown, Ogden, Utah; A. L.
Archibald, Canada; sitting, Cinda Smedley, C. W. Smedley, Syracuse,

Utah; Willard L. Smith, Sister Jennie L. Smith, Canada; in front „ H
O. Anderson, Koosharem and Joseph A. Ransom, Cleveland, Idaho,
baby of Brother and Sister Smith.

"utah's best advertisement"

The picture represents Lawrence Sloan, son of Thomas W.Sloan
of Salt Lake City, and Allen S. Tmgey, son of Bishop Tingey of the
Seventeenth Ward, who are laboring in New York It was ; Elder
Sloan, who, some weeks ago, with another companion Elder Parkin
son, called at the Mt. Sinai Hospital, to see Dr. David B Anderson.
The latter wrote of the call as follows, under date of April tt.

934

IMPROVEMENT ERA

"I told you, I believe, that I had received some pamphlets from
the Bureau of Information about Utah and the 'Mormons,' in response

to a written request, for
the benefit of a Dr.
Bruckheimer, who has
become interested in the
West. I got the pamph-
lets about a week ago.
Day before yesterday two
young fellows came to
the hospital here and in-
quired for me. I went
down and they gave me
their cards. They were
a Mr. Sloan from Salt
Lake City, and a Mr.
Parkinson from Frank-
lin, Idaho, — 'Mormon'
missionaries. They said
that my name had been
sent to them by the
Bureau of Information
as an inquirer about
Utah, and that they would gladly tell me anything they could about
Utah and its people. I told them, yes, I was very much interested in
Utah and its people, but I didn't think there was anything they could
tell me either about the place or the people; because, besides hav-
ing read much upon the subject, I had been born and reared in Utah!
You should have seen their looks of surprise when I told them! They
were good looking chaps, very well dressed, with an address that
bespoke honesty and fearlessness. Elder Sloan left me a photo album
of views in and about Salt Lake, the equal of which I have never be-
fore seen. I have been showing it to everybody in the hospital. I
invited the boys to come back to talk with me again at their leisure.
Such chaps as they are the best advertisements Utah can have. As
Elbert Hubbard says, in a news clipping I am enclosing, 'By their
fruits ye shall know them."

Priesthood Quorums' Table

Suggestive Outlines for the Deacons

BY P. JOSEPH JENSEN
CLEAR THINKING

The other day I observed a boy reciting what he had read. He
was relying wholly on his memory. Now and then, he would glance
at his book to recall the links in the chain of the history. The boy
was burdening himself by trying to store up the account he had read.
He had not thought, he had only tried to remember.

Lessons 29-32 offer a very good opportunity to get the boys to
think clearly. For example, the Church, like the home, has its busi-
ness obligations. Help the boys to see that clearly. Haw has the
Lord provided for the meeting of those obligations? Again, the
government of the United States and the several states guarantee cer-
tain rights which the boys and their parents enjoy. Among them
are the rights to our homes and to live in them; of having our lives
protected; to worship the Lord as we choose, provided other peo-
ple's rights are not interfered with. In the light of these laws, what
are some Missourians guilty of?

Lesson 29

(Last paragraph of Chapter XXVI)

Problem: How the Church meets its business obligations.

About what does it cost to keep each one of you for a year? In
clothing? In food? For housing? For school? Who pays those
bills? How much time do your parents devote to earn the family's
living?

Name ten or more things for which the Church has to pay money.
Why would the Church, at Far West, in the year 1838, have extra
heavy expense? How did the Lord tell the Prophet to raise the money
for meeting the expenses of the Church?

Study the chapter, and also section 119 in the Doctrine and
Covenants. What were the Saints who gathered to the land of Zion
to do with their property? What promises were founded on the keep-
ing of this law? To what other places was this law to be applied?

Answer the problem.

What are you doing to observe this law?

Lesson 30
(Chapter XXVII)

Problem: What unlawful acts did some people of Missouri do
to the Saints?

Study the following quotation, and chapter 27 in the text book.
Tell where the quotation is taken from:

936 IMPROVEMENT ERA

"We hold these truths to be self-evident — that all men are created
equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable
rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men,
deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."

What is it stated in the quotation that provided the twelve men
■• I ■ right to vote?

What was the course pursued to deprive them of that right?

What is the work of a justice of the peace? What did Adam
Black do that stirred up trouble? What is the duty of the governor of
a state? What did Governor Boggs do to restore peace? What was
the result of the governor's action? What is a mob? What did the
mob do?

Answer the problem of the lesson.

Lesson 31
(Chapter XXVIII)

Problem: Same as in Lesson 30.

Review what the justices, governor, and mob respectively did as
stated in the last lesson.

What ought the legislators, ministers, soldiers generals and gov-
ernor to have done? What, in the quotation of the former lesson,
indicates that they ought to preserve order? What did they do?

Study the chapter.

Is it lawful to defend one's property, life and rights? Give evi-
dence.

State what' this chapter records that answers the problem of the
lesson.

Lesson 32
(Chapter XXIX)

Problem: Same as Lesson 30.

Review the main points of Lessons 30 and 31.

Study chapter 29.

What unexpected enemies did the Saints have to deal with now?
Why was it unlawful to try the prophet by court-martial? What
rights indicated in the quotation of Lesson 30 were the Saints de-
prived of? What power made the Prophet's rebuke so effective with
the guard?

Tell in a general way what rights our government guarantees its
people. State several specific things in which the people of Missouri
disregarded that guarantee.

Ward Teaching

It is often said that ward teaching, during the summer, and especially
in country wards, cannot be effectively accomplished. The follow-
ing report of President Joseph R. Shepherd of ward teaching in the
Bear Lake stake of Zion, for the month of June, 1915, shows the con-
trary, almost' to perfection. The date of the monthly meeting was
June 20. Note the number of teachers who attended that meeting:

PRIESTHOOD QUORUMS' TABLE

937

Number

WARD families

in ward

Bennington 51

Bern 27

Bloomington 106

Dingle 79

Fish Haven 42

Garden City 71

Geneva 28

Georgetown 99

Laketown 51

Lanark 31

Liberty 44

Montpelier 1st 164

Montpelier 2nd 158

Nounan 37

Ovid 44

Paris 1st 110

Paris 2nd 117

Raymond 28

Round Valley 12

St. Charles 123

Sharon 28

Wardboro 37

Totals and Percentage.... 1,487

Number

families

visited

Per cent

af families

visited

Number

Number teachers

ward attending

teachers report

51

100

meetings

12 6

27

100

10 5

106

100

30 15

79

100

27 11

42

100

12 8

55

7/

24 8

28

100

12 10

99

100

30 21

51

100

18 13

31

100

12 5

44

100

24 17

164

100

53 18

158

100

39 19

35

98

10 9

44

100

14 6

110

100

37 13

117

100

35 15

21

75

8 7

12

100

4 3

123

100

44 28

28

100

10 5

37

100

14 7

1,462

98

479 249

Fred J. Price,

Stake Clerk.

THREE GENERATIONS

Mutual Work

Athletic and Scout Work

Life Scout

Among our scout officials who have
earned merit badges is Assistant Scout
Master Frank J. Kirby, of Troop No. 1,
Sugar City, Idaho. During the past win-
ter Brother Kirby has been doing very
efficient work with his boys. He is now a
life scout, which means that he has passed
in first aid physical development, per-
sonal health, life saving, and pioneering.
Besides these he has taken out seventeen
other merit badges.

Merit Badge Requirements

We appreciate the efforts which a number of our scout officials
are making in passing through the First Class test, as well as the
merit-badge work. We realize that these efforts are a big help to the
scout master in developing this work among his boys. We would
suggest, however, that these merit-badge requirements are provided
principally for the boys. Where scout officials receive merit badges
they should not be worn conspicuously, or to any great extent, be-
cause in many instances it will have a tendency to discourage the
younger boys from working for these badges, feeling that such things
are too advanced for them. A merit-badge certificate would perhaps
be recognition sufficient for the scout official. The National Organ-
ization, in permitting others than the boy scouts to take out these
badges does so primarily for the purpose of giving some inducement
for the scout officials to prepare themselves to help the boys to
become efficient in scout activities.

Stake Work

Enunciation!

Some wag, thinking of the M. I. A. contest requirements in public
speaking, music and story-telling, has submitted the following to the
Era as he says, "without rates." He evidently considers that there
is still great need of "enunciation" as a point of judgment in our
contests. He titles his contribution thus. "Whut Langwidge Iz
Zis?"

MUTUAL WORK.

939

'"Lo, Bill."

'"Lo, Steve."

"Where yuh goin'?"

"Home."

I'Whuffor?"

"T' eat supper."

"Cummmin' t' Muchool t'night?"

"Uh-huh."

"Goin' int' th' public speakin' contest agin?"

"Uh-huh."

"Did'n' win out th' las' time, diclja?"

"Huh-uh."

"Whazzamatter ?",

"Aw, those judges said my enunciashun wuzzn't up t' standard.

"Aw, they're crazy, Bill."

'"Swut I think, too. Well, s'long, Steve."

"S'long, Bill."

Elders of the Liverpool Conference, British Mission, Jan. 1, 1915:
Back row, left to right: George H. Cook, Milo, Ben F. Hulme, Bloom-
ington, Idaho; Clifford Gerrard, Taylorsville (Nottingham conference),
Harold S. Lambert, Kamas, William C. Whvte, Holliday, Clarence J.
Woods, Provo, J, Earl Bent, Salt Lake City, Lester C. Pocock, Tooele,
J. Ensign Riggs, Kanab, Raymond S. Knight, Salt Lake City, Alfred J.

I f t f '- f I

1 *fc

Theurer, Providence, Utah. Second row: Vern C. Woolley, Grantsville,
C. LeRoy Madsen, Salt Lake City (conference clerk), Oscar J. Hendry,
Wellsville, Aubrey O. Andelin, Provo, Utah (outgoing conference pres-
ident); Niels J. Anderson, Cardston, Alberta, Canada; Lafayette Giles,
Heber City. Front row: Walter J. Cannon, St. George, Seymour E.
Christensen, Ephraim, Utah; Cleveland Curtis, Thatcher, Arizona; A.
Hulme Nebeker, Logan (incoming conference president); Thomas Pe-
terson, Preston, Idaho.

Passing Events

A violent wind and rain storm extended from Nebraska to Ohio,
on the morning of the 8th of July. There was a destruction of prop-
erty amounting to over a million dollars, and many lives lost — thirty-
two persons being killed in Cincinnati.

The manufacturers cf the Ford automobile announced, on the 18th
of June, that they had perfected a farm tractor that will sell for less
than $200. This tractor will reduce the cost of farm production from
one-third to one-half. It is announced that the construction of these
tractors will begin at once in factories which are intended to turn out
a million every year. They can be hitched to any vehicle and be
driven like horses.

Robert Lansing, Watertown, New York, was appointed, June 23,
by Prest. Wilson, to succeed Mr. Bryan as Secretary of State. Mr.
Lansing succeeded John Bassett Moore as counselor in the department,
in March, 1914, and was acting secretary after the resignation of Mr.
Bryan. He is fifty-one years of age, a graduate of Amherst college,
and a lawyer by profession. His writings on international law have
attracted wide attention.

Ray S. Sheets, brother of Bishop Edwin S. Sheets of this city,
and a young man of about twenty-seven years, died in Laporte, Indi-
ana, June 24. Bishop Sheets went east for the body, and the funeral
services were held June 30 in the Eighth ward chapel, Salt Lake City.
Bishop O. F. Hunter presided, and Horace S. Ensign and a male quar-
tet sang. The speakers were Bishoo Sheets, Harrison Sperry, Judge
Le Grande Young and Bishop O. F. Hunter.

An earthquake in the Imperial Valley, Lower California, June 24,
created havoc in a number of towns, and damaged buildings which
represented a property loss of one million five hundred thousand dol-
lars. Eight people were reported killed and twenty injured. The great
southern California irrigation system, strange to say, escaped serious
damage. The many earthquake shocks are attributed to disturbances
at Black Butte, an extinct volcano at the head of Volcano lake, in
southern California, which was greatly disturbed.

Settlement of claims for American cotton on the steamships "De-
cido" and "Livonia," which were seized several months ago by the
British government while in transit to Germany, has been made at the
rate of 10 cents a pound, so it was announced on the 11th of June by
the British government. These are the first settlements out of many
cases pending. Others will be settled as soon as the ownership can
be definitely determined. There were twenty-six cargoes of two hun-
dred thousand bales in all, detained in March and April.

General Victoriano Huerta was arrested on June 27 at Neuman,
New Mexico, near El Paso, charged with violating the neutrality laws
by planning in this country a military movement in Mexico. General
Pascuel Orozco was also arrested, but both were released on bonds,
and Orozco later escaped. It is said they were about to cross the Rio
Grand river where General Salazar was to join them and that from
Cuidad Juarez they were to move southward. Their hearing was to
be held in the Federal court at El Paso, July 12. The governor of
Chihuahua asked the United States for the extradition of Huerta, July
2 on a charge of implication in the murder of President Madero.

PASSING EVENTS 941

General Porfirio Diaz, for about thirty-five years dictator and mas-
ter of Mexico, and its resigned ex-president, died in Paris, July 2,
1915. He resigned in favor of De la Barra, May 25, 1911, owing to the
revolution of Francisco I. Madero, Jr., and secretly left the capital for
Europe. He lived in Paris and other European cities in virtual exile
since then, a silent witness to the plague of revolution and bloodshed
which has followed for over four years in the land he so long peace-
fully ruled. He was born of Spanish parents with an infusion of In-
dian blood, in 1830. After conquering, in 1867, the factions then as
now existing, he was elected president in 1877, and re-elected eight
terms, the last beieng in July, 1910.

Prohibition scored a victory in Utah, at the special election on the
29th of June. Every formerly "dry" city in the state of Utaht> where
special liquor elections were held, elected to remain "dry," withone
exception where the vote was a tie. This exception was Gunnison,
Sanpete county, where the "drys" and the "wets" received 163 votes
each The cities that remain "dry" are Provo, Logan, Smithfield.
Richmond, and Marysvale. Farmington also went "dry" by a vote_ of
147 to 50 Milford, in Beaver county, came within eight of going
"dry " where the "dry" wote was 201 and the "wet" 209, which is con-
sidered a big victory for the "drys." It is now the only place in
Beaver county where the saloon may exist. Logan surprised even
the most hopeful of the prohibition partv who anticipated a majority
of 400, but when the vote was counted found that the figures swelled
to more than 1,000.

The note of President Wilson to Mexico, in which the warring
factions were requested to get together and establish a government,
was replied to by both Carranza and Villa by letter and by personal
representatives to Washington. Each indicated that there was a pos-
sibility of an agreement between the warring factions, though Villa
took the ground that the United States has no right to interfere in the
internal affairs of Mexico. It was later learned, however, that Car-
ranza refused to consider the proposals of the United^ States^ govern-
ment concerning a settlement of the chaotic situation in Mexico. On
Tune 18 four of Carranza's cabinet members resigned, and it was re-
ported that Carranza thought it best to retire to Vera Cruz to the
fortress of San Juan de Ulma. President Wilson s plan is for the
selection of some Mexican, on whom the parties can agree, to act as
provisional president, and Carranza has agreed to steo aside when this
can be done. On the 23rd of June it was reported that General Gon-
zales at the head of Carrnaza's army, was about to occupy Mexico
Citv Some trouble resulted in Sonora on account of the revolt of
the Yakui Indians, and the American settlers in Sonora being in peril,
the "Colorado," "Chattanooga" and "Raleigh," battleships were dis-
patched to Guymas with a landing force of 1400 men «"der orders
to land in case General Maytorena's trooos were i,n b f *° rePLe."
the Indians. Admiral Howard is in command of the squadron, the
Americans in the Yaqui Valley are said to be well armed. Mexico is
facing a general famine.

Gerald C. Anderson, the young man who used tp meet people in
the business office of the Improvement Era, and in his kindly, cour-
eous manTer attend to their wants will be forever missed fron, l h ,
accustomed table. He died in Los Angeles June 21. 1915 Gerald as

942

IMPROVEMENT ERA

went back to the Era office. Gerald C. Anderson was the son of Nephi
Anderson and Asenath Tillotson. He was born in Ogden, Utah,
June 18, .1890 — and around that date cluster some of the most im-
portant events of his life. He was baptized on his eighth birthday by
his father, in Brigham, Utah,
where the family had moved.
There he attended the public
schools, and was a student in
Box Elder's first high school.
He was ordained a teacher in
the Priesthood, November 22,
1905, by Elder C. Elias Jensen.
On the removal of the family
to Salt Lake City, in 1906, he
entered the L. D. S. High School
where his father was teaching;
but owing to a severe attack of
heart trouble and rheumatism,
which affected him ever after, he
had to discontinue his schooling.
He was ordained an elder, June

17, 1910, by his father. On June

18, 1913, he married Ethel L.
Symons, daughter of Charles
W. Symons, in the Salt Lake
Temple. Gerald frequently said
that if he could manage to die
on June 18, that date would be
well fixed with his earthly ca-
reer. That date came with pe-
culiar feelings to his wife and
father, who were attending him
during his last illness; but he
keptup his fight for life three days more. Gerald held no important
public positions, he made no big mark in the world. He had to hus-
bandhis little bodily strength, so he could not accept some of the
positions of trust offered him. For nearly ten years, it was a fight
for life with him, and he made the struggle bravely, and always with
a cheerful spirit, and with faith in God. Many times during that
period was he near death's door, but he was never afraid. Though
not a profound student of books, yet he had a clear knowledge of the
truth, and he seemed to know intuitively, the big fundamentals of the
gospel as depicted in his father's "Added Upon." As a boy, and as a
young man, he was clean and pure. He was not ignorant of the world's
sins, but innocent of them. No one ever heard him tell "smutty"
stories, and he had no pleasure in listening to them. A few hours be-
fore he died, the attendant physician, seeking for something that
would act as_ a stimulant, asked him if he liked lager beer. "I don't
know," he said, "I have never tasted it." He leaves a daughter, Helen,
fourteen months old, and a wife — a sweet, brave woman who has the
big, comprehensive view of life, and who knows that this world is
but a prelude to. the eternal worlds, where her husband, freed from his
earthly handicap, is planning and working for their eternal kingdom
of glory.

GERALD C. ANDERSON

The Great War. — The great war continues in each of the zones
with uninterrupted activity. The participation of Italv created active
operations in the south, where it appears, the soldiers of Italy won con-

PASSING EVENTS 943

siderable ground, although on the 8th of July they were reDorted to
have lost seriously in one of the great actions. The Russians con-
tinued to be driven back in Galicia, Field Marshal August von Mack-
ensen, a lieutenant of Hindenberg's, being credited in the official Ger-
man reports with the masterful leadership of the great Austro-German
armies which relieved Hungary and swept the Russians nearly com-
pletely out of eastern Galicia and back into their own territory. An
airship raid in the North sea by the British was a failure. A United
States firm in early July received an order for 150 swift boats to be
used in the North Sea, and in the war zone, for the destruction of Ger-
man submarines. These boats will be able to sail fifty miles an hour.
The effort of the Allies to force the Dardanelles continued without
apparent great headway, and with great loss of life and property. The
blockade by sea which restricts the commerce of the world and con-
demns millions to hunger, still continues.

June 9. — The United States replied to Germany's note of May 30,
maintaining that the sinking of passenger ships by German submarines
without warning violates the principles of humanity and all law. The
note plainly asked for assurances that measures will be adopted to
safeguard American lives and ships. Premier Asquith announced that
the casualties in the British armies, on the continent and on the Medi-
terranean, from the beginning of the war to the end of May, totaled
50,342 killed, 153,980 wounded, and 53,747 missing.

June 11. — Italian troops completed the occupation of Gradisca,
north of Monfalcone. The German armies under General von Mack-
ensen renewed their offensive movements in Galicia and took Russian
possessions along a front of forty-three miles.

June 15. — The British House of Commons voted a billion, two
hundred fifty million dollars for war expenditures, and Premier
Asquith stated that the war is now costing Great Britain fifteen mil-
lion dollars a day. The war appropriations, up to this one, a^qregate
four billion, three hundred and ten million dollars. — The second night
raid on the northeast coast of England was made by a German zeppe-
lin, and sixteen persons were killed by bombs. — French aviators
dropped bombs in Karlsrhue, Germany, in retaliation.

June 16. — The Austrians are reported to have captured 122,400
Russians, many cannon and machine guns, between June 1 and 15. —
At Souchez and other points north of Arras, the French carried some
German trenches, by the use of nearly three hundred thousand shells,
by artillery.

June 17. — The Italian submarine "Medusa" was torpedoed and
sunk by an Austrian submarine.

Tune 18. — The Austro-German drive in Galicia has penetrated Rus-
sian territory at Tarnograde. The Russians issued a statement re-
garding their withdrawal in Galicia, maintaining that it was before
superior numbers. Between May 29 and June 15, they state that the
Austro-German losses were more than one hundred and twenty thou-
sand men. — The Allies claim to possess ten square miles of the Galli-
poli peninsula.— King Constantine of Greece is reported recovering
his health.

June 19. — The French report further advances north of Arras and
the British in Belgium pressed forward for short gains at various
points. — The kaiser is reported to have assumed personal direction of
ihe Galician campaign.

June 20. — The Italians in the Trieste region captured the heights
of Plava, and the French in a drive toward Souchez gained three-
fifths of a mile.

June 21. — The French claim the most brilliant victory for the

944 IMPROVEMENT ERA

Allies since spring fighting began, in their winning of "The Laba-
rynth," a complicated series of trenches north of Neuville-St. Vaast,
held heretofore with unshakable persistence by the Germans. — The
British House of Commons voted a new war loan of five billions to
cover possible deficits in the year. — The Cunard liner "Cameronia" at-
tempts to ram a German submarine.

June 22. — The French report gains in Alsace and Lorraine. — Dun-
kirk is shelled by long range guns. — The Austro-German army in
Gaiicia enters Lemburg, after a severe battle.

June 23. — The Allies capture Sondernach, a point of desperate
contention in Alsace. This establishes a new line of advance toward
the Rhine.

June 24. — The British cruiser "Rockburg" was injured by a tor-
pedo.— The British note on the blockade was received at Washington. —
It is announced from France that the total apporpriations for the war
from the beginning up to date is four billion eight hundred million
dollars.

June 25. — It. is announced that the British losses during the last
two months have averaged two thousand a day. — The Italians continue
to bombard Malbogette.

June 26. — The German Socialists publish an appeal for peace and
"Vorwarts," the official organ of the social Democrats, was suspended
for publishing the article advocating the opening of peace negotiations.

June 27. — The Germans made an attack north of Warsaw, and it
was announced that Italy is about to enter war with Turkey.

June 28. — The "Armenian," with a loss of eleven Americans, was
torpedoed and sunk off Cornwall, by a German submarine. The ves-
sel, flying a British flag, was warned, offered resistance, and was sunk.
It had a cargo of 1,422 mules from Newport News, U. S., to France.

June 29. — The Teutonic allies captured Tamaszow, in Russian Po-
land.

June 30. — Recent fighting in the Dardanelles has resulted in an
advance by the Allies. — The "Scottish Monarch," a British steamer,
was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine.

July 1.— The German forces reach Krasnick in the southern dis-
trict of Russian Poland. July 2. — Three British steamers, "Ingle-
moor," "Caucasian" and "Wellbury," were sunk by a German sub-
marine; also the British schooner "L. C. Tower."

July 3. — The Belgian steamship "boguonat" and the British
steamship "Gadsley" were torpedoed and sunk by German submarines.

July 5. — Jane Addams, Chairman of the International Congress of
Women for Peace, arrived in New York. She says the people of
Europe are ready for peace, but they have no choice but to go on. —
The Norwegian bark "Fiery Cross," with six Americans aboard, was
sunk off Scilly Islands.

Tuly 6. — Notwithstanding the German drive in Gaiicia, Petrograd
reports no apprehension for Warsaw, which bids fair to be protected.
— The losses of the Allies in Arras are reported from Berlin to be
fearful.

July 7. — The Italian armored cruiser "Amain" was torpedoed and
sunk by an Austrian submarine.

July 8. — The government at Washington took over the. Sayville,
L. I., wireless station, the only direct means, privately operated, of
direct communication between Germanv and the United States. It
will now be operated by naval forces.

July 10. — The German reply to the latest American communica-
tion realting to submarine warfare was made public, and the official
text sent to Washington.

Elder Mathew F. Noall, Bristol, England, May 18: "We find the Era a
potent factor for extending good and it's monthly visits are awaited with a
great deal of interest."

Elder John A. Nelson, Jr., president of the Samoan mission, writes: "Of
all the papers and magazines received in the mission field the Improvement Era
is usually the first one read by the elders. Its pages are clean, inspiring and
educational — just the kind for missionaries."

The story contest winners for June could not be made known in this
number, owing to the difficulty of obtaining readers on account of so many
being away on vacations. The result will be made known to the writers as
soon as ascertained, and will be printed in the September Era.

Earl S. Paul, Apia, Samoa, June 4: "We certainly enjoy reading the Era.
It has so many good articles in it, inspiring to all who read them. It is
surely the missionaries' friend, and we welcome it each month as we would a
friend. We are thankful to you for the efforts made in publishing such a
good magazine."

C. W. Smedley, clerk of the Tutuilla conference, Samoa, writes: "The
elders and sisters look forward to receiving and reading the Era. There is so
much good instruction along the lines of the gospel, so much of science and
education and other interesting reading, that the elders look upon it as a
source of general information. We pray for the blessings of the Lord on
those who have the duty of preparing it for the readers."

LET US LEAD THE WORLD

Utah was the scene of one of the most glorious episodes in American his-
tory. Men and women, our fathers and mothers, came to this land because
here they could worship God and live their lives according to the strong
faith which was within them. Ideals, not love of wealth or luxury, impelled
them on. They conquered a land which appeared to the world at that time
as unconquerable as appear today the rocky mountain sides which surround
our valleys. We wisely cherish their memory. No future glory will ever
dim their wonderful achievement.

Our task, now. under the blessings of modern science and the enlightenment
of the arts is to build upon these noble deeds of the past a history of prog-
ress which' shall carry us to the world's front. We have a rich citizenship,
sons and daughters of the Pioneers, and the many other thousands who
came and are coming to the intermountain country to build homes.
To train our youth for conquest of our yet undeveloped West is the purpose
of the Utah Agricultural College. The courses are broad and liberal in the
natural and physical sciences and in mathematics, English history, eco-
nomics, literature and languages. The courses are practical; they prepare
men and women for useful and paying occupations. The different Schools
of the College are (D Agriculture, (2) Agricultural Engineering, (3) Home
Economics, (4) Commerce, (5) Mechanic Arts and (6) General Science.
A letter is always welcome. Explain your hopes and ambitions; * ^ ne^
help, and thousands of our best do need help, the College may be able to aid
you. Write for a catalogue. Address-

The President, Utah Agricultural College

Logan, Utah

Elder J. Garfield Bastow, conferenc c president of the Savaii conference, Apia,
Samoa, June 5: "Within the last few months we have started a new school
of forty pupils, and hope to start another in a new village in the future. The
Lord is thus opening up the way for the truth to be proclaimed. The elders
and many of the white traders are very much interested in the good clean
reading that the Era contains."

Improvement Era, August, 1915

Two Dollars per Annum with Manual Free
Entered at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah, as second class matter.

Address, 20 Bishop's Building, Salt Lake City, Utah

Joseph F. Smith, ) Editors Heber J- Grant, Business Manager

Edward H. Anderson, J Moroni Snow, Assistant

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Favored Utah, Home, We Love Thee Frontispiece

As Suns of August Burn. A Poem Alfred Lambcurne 851

Gratitude A Missionary Son 853

Longing for Home. A Poem Grace Ingles Frost 855

Rafting Over Green River Ida Stewart Peay 856

When Ends the Reign of Thor? A Poem Grace Ingles Frost 862

The Lord's Prayer Bertha Eccles Wright 863

Ode to Earth. A Poem E. H. Lund 865

Will the Golden Age of Peace Ever Come?. . John F. Miller 866

M. I. A. Scouts Hiking on Maple Flat 869

Pioneers and Pioneering in Southeastern Utah, fw^WW*

Illustrated Joseph F. Andersen 870

Wild Oats. Prize Story Mrs. L. H. Roylance 876

Pansies. A Poem O. F. Ursenbach 8S2

Great Salt Lake City 883

Outlines for Scout Workers Delbert W. Parratt, B. S. . . 884

M. I. A. Conference. First Day 888

Judge Not. A Poem Maud Baggarley 900

Snappy Sketches from Life — Satisfaction, or JPW i

Money Refunded Francis Smith 901

The Greenhorn Wm. H. Snell 902

A Sheepherder's Soliloquy Lercy J. Robertson 906

Testimony — The Little White Slaver Heber J. Grant 908

After the Struggle— What? Frank C. Steele 914

The Galician Retreat — Greece and the War... Joseph M. Tanner 915

Would Prohibition be a Financial Loss or

Gain ? George Gardner 9 i §

What Boy Scouts Must Know and Do Ludvig Dale 920

Editors' Table — About Our Conference 923

A Tribute to Utah 925

A Simple Story, With Two Great Lessons 926

Why Not Saloon-Keepers' Liability 927

Messages from the Missions 927

Priesthood Quorums' Table — Suggestive Out-
lines for the Deacons P. Joseph Jensen 935

Ward Teaching Fred J. Price 936

Mutual Work — Life Scout — Merit Badge Re-
quirements— Enunciation 938

Passing Events 940

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WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS. PLEASE MENTION THE IMPROVEMENT ERA

Young Ladies' and Young Men's

Mutual Improvement Association

Reading Course for 1915-16

JUNIOR

Gray— "Little Sir Galahad"

$1.35 By mail $1.45

Richmond — "Twenty-fourth of

June" $1.25 By mail $1.35

A nature book will be selected

later 50c By mail 60c

Ardavan — "Lance of Kanana"...

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SENIOR.

Roberts, B. H. — "Joseph Smith as _
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WHEN WRITING TO ADVERTISERS, PLEASE MENTION THE IMPROVEMENT ERA